jji  granting  anb  gfabor.  A 


§ 


LIBRARY 


# 


$ University  of  Illinois.  4 

$ CLASS.  BOOK.  VOLUME.  § 

f 61 5.1  6-66 a f 

^ Books  are  not  to  be  taken  from  the  Library.  ^ 

^ Accessions  No., J, vJ.Ori.O ^ 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 

A REFERENCE  MANUAL 

1 ” " 4 ' 

FOR 

PHYSICIANS,  PHARMACISTS  $ STUDENTS, 


BY 


VIRGIL  COBLENTZ,  Phil.  D.,  F.  C.  S.,  etc.. 


Professor  of  Pharmacy  and  Pharmaceutical  Chemistry  in  the  New  York  College 
of  Pharmacy;  Author  of  Handbook  of  Pharmacy;  Member  of  the  Chemical 
Societies  of  Berlin  and  London;  Fellow  of  the  Society  of 
Chemical  Industry , etc.,  etc. 


NEW  YORK  : 

D,  O.  HAYNES  & CO. 
1895. 


Copyrighted  by 


D.  O.  HAYNES  & CO 


ALL  RIGHTS  RESERVED. 


PREFACE. 


The  constantly  increasing  number  and  complexity  of  new  remedies, 
with  the  scattered  condition  of  the  literature  on  the  subject,  render  it  an 
almost  impossible  task  for  anyone  except  the  specialist  to  become  at  all 
acquainted  with  them.  The  physician  who  keeps  in  progress  with  the 
advance  of  the  times  is  constantly  on  the  alert  for  new  and  improved 
remedies  with  which  to  combat  disease.  It  is,  therefore,  the  duty  of  the 
apothecary  to  be  conversant  with  these,  not  only  by  title,  but  as  to  iden- 
tity, sources,  properties  and  doses.  It  has  been  the  endeavor  of  the 
author  to  present  as  complete  a list  of  these  newer  remedies  as  possible, 
in  a concise  and  alphabetical  form.  The  various  articles  are  arranged 
under  their  commercial  names,  including,  however,  in  this  arrangement 
all  the  more  important  synonyms. 

In  all  instances,  where  possible  or  practicable,  the  sources  and 
methods  of  preparation  have  been  given,  followed  by  such  tests  of  iden- 
tity, as  melting  and  boiling  points,  with  solubilities,  incomnatibles, 
medicinal  properties  and  doses  as  far  as  known.  Details  concerning 
physiological  action  and  clinical  data  could  not  satisfactorily  be  included 
in  a work  of  this  size,  hence  the  physician,  when  full  accounts  are  desir 
able,  must  necessarily  be  referred  to  current  medical  literature  or  more 
extensive  works  on  modern  materia  medica.  It  should  be  observed 
that  these  newer  remedies  have  appeared  and  continue  to  appear  in  rapid 
succession,  and  in  many  instances  the  most  important  data  are  wanting, 
some  going  no  further  than  mentioning  title  and  nature  of  the  sub 
stance,  others  stating  medicinal  uses  only,  indicating  that  they  are  still 
in  the  experimental  stage.  Hence  in  view  of  this,  it  will  be  necessary  to 
issue  revised  editions  from  time  to  time  as  the  fund  of  information 
increases. 

The  doses  quoted  are  the  minimum  and  maximum  for  an  average 
adult,  being  lessened  accordingly  for  children  and  the  feeble,  and  for  hypo- 
dermic use.  The  sizes  of  the  doses  are  expressed  in  the  metric  system, 
including,  however,  their  nearest  equivalents  (in  round  numbers)  in 
apothecaries'  weight. 

Many  of  these  remedies  now  offered  are  of  a proprietary  nature, 
hence  all  that  is  known  of  their  composition  is  what  is  given  upon  the 
authority  of  various  published  analyses. 

The  author  is  indebted  to  Geo.  C.  Diekman,  M.  D.,  for  his  careful 
perusal  of  that  portion  relating  to  the  medicinal  properties  and  doses  of 
the  various  remedies. 

New  York  City,  April,  1895. 


« 


■ 

' 

. 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES 


ABRASTOL.  (ASAPROL)  (C10  H6  OH.  S03)  2Ca. 

The  calcium  salt  of  beta-naphthol*sulphonic  acid.  It  is  a soluble  white  powder, 
and  because  of  its  antiseptic  properties.it  is  employed  as  a preservative  agent  for 
foods.  It  is  also  employed  as  an  intestinal  antiseptic  in  doses  of  1 to  2 Gm.  (15-3U 
grains). 

A BRIN.  (JEQUIRITIN). 

Abrin  is  the  most  potent  principle  contained  in  the  Jequirity  seed  ( Ahrus  preca - 
torius).  It  partakes  of  the  nature  of  an  albuminoid  and  is  very  poisonous.  Forms  a 
brownish  yellow  soluble  powder;  employed  to  limited  extent  for  producing  artificial 
conjunctivitis. 

ACETAL.  CH3-CH(OC2H5)2. 

Synonyms:  Ethyliden-di-ethyl-ether;  Di-ethyl  acetal. 

This  body  is  obtained  by  the  reaction  between  acetic-aldehyde  and  alcohol, 
whereby  water  separates.  It  is  a colorless  liquid,  boiling  at  104°-106°  C.  (2l9°-222°  F). 
Soluble  in  18  parts  of  water  (25°  C.)  and  verv  soluble  in  alcohol.  It  is  employed  as 
sedative  and  hypnotic.  Dose  is  from  5 to  10  Gm.  (77-154  grains). 

Usually  administered  in  form  of  an  emulsion. 

ACETAMINOL.  C6  H3  (0CH3)  (C3  H5)  0-C0.  C6H4NHCOCH3. 

Synonym:  p-Acetamidobenzoyl-Eugenol. 

By  interaction  between  p-nitrobenzoylchlorid  and  eugenol-sodium  in  molecular  pro- 
portions. p-nitrobenzoyleugenol  is  formed,  this  upon  reduction  yields  the  correspond- 
ing p-Ami.dobenzoyl-eugenol,  which  is  aoetylated  by  means  of  acetic  anhydride.  This 
compound  appears  in  the  form  of  white  scales  or  a crystalline  powder,  of  melting 
point  160°  C.  It  is  almost  insoluble  in  water,  quite  soluble  in  alcohol. 

It  is  employed  in  treatment  of  phthisis. 

ACETANILID.  C6H5  NH.COCH,. 

Synonyms:  Antifebrine;  Phenylacetamide. 

Obtained  by  prolonged  interaction  between  pure  aniline  and  glacial  acetic  acid 
at  boiling  temperature.  Twenty  grammes  of  aniline  are  boiled  with  30  grammes  of 
glacial  acetic  acid  under  an  inverted  condenser  for  from  six  to  ten  hours,  till  a sample 
of  the  mixture  when  removeu  solidifies  on  cooling,  to  a crystalline  mass.  The  fused 
mass  is  poured  into  cold  water,  an  I the  crystals  which  separate  are  filtere,!  off  and 
recrystallized  from  hot  water  or  alcohol.  When  pure,  acetanilid  forms  lustrous 
rhombic  tables  without  odor  or  color,  melting  at  113°  C.  (235.4°  F.),  soluble  at  15°  C. 
(59°  b\),  in  194  parts  of  water,  and  in  5 parts  of  alcohol;  in  18  parts  of  boiling  water, 
and  in  0.4  parts  of  boiling  alcohol. 

Its  properties  are  those  of  an  antipyretic.  The  average  dose  is  from  0.2-0.5  Gm.  (3 
to  8 grains).  The  various  derivatives  of  acetanilid  employed  in  medicine  are  Asepsin, 
Iodantifebrin.  Antinervin,  Benzanilid,  Exalgin. 

Among  the  various  remedies  which  are  supposed  to  contain  acetanilid  as  one  of 
their  constituents  are  Antikamnia,  Phenolid,  Exodyne,  Antikol.  Pyretin,  Phenatol, 
Kaputin,  etc. 

ACETON. 

A proprietary  grip  and  headache  remedy.  Not  to  be  confounded  with  acetone. 

ACETONE.  CH3-CO-CH3. 

Synonym : Di-methyl-ketOne. 

This  is  prepared  by  the  dry  distillation  of  calcium  acetate;  it  boils  at  56°  C. 
(132.8°  F1.),  has  a peculiar  ethereal  odor  and  sharp  burning  taste.  Miscible  with  water, 
alcohol  and  ether. 

It  is  employed  as  a nervine  in  doses  of  5 to  15  minims,  in  water  or  infusion  of 

valerian. 

ACETONORESORCIN. 

A combination  of  two  molecules  of  resorcin  and  one  of  acetone.  Used  as  an 
antiseptic. 

ACETOPHENONE.  See  Hypnone. 


2 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


ACET-ORTHO-TOLU I D.  C6H4(CH3)NH  COCH3. 

Synonym:  Ortho-Tolyl-acetamid. 

This  is  an  isomerideof  exalgine,  obtained  by  prolonged  interaction  between  or tho- 
toluidin  and  glacial  acetic  acid  at  boiling  temperature.  This  occurs  in  colorlesss 
needles;  melting  point.  107°  C.  (224.6°  F.)  Soluble  in  hot  water,  alcohol  and  ether, 
almost  insoluble  in  cold  water. 

Tt  is  employed  as  an  antipyretic,  its  action  is  more  rapid  than  that  of  acetanilid, 
yet  being  less  toxic.  The  dose,  although  there  is  no  authority  upon  the  subject,  would 
be  from  0.1— 0.3  Gm  (2-5  grains). 

ACET-PARA-AMIDO-SALOL.  See  Salophen. 

ACET-PARA-TOLUID.  C6H4  (CH3)  NH.  COCfl3. 

Synomyn:  Para-Tolyl-acetamid. 

This  is  obtained  by  prolonged  interaction  between  para-toluidin  and  glacial  acetic 
acid,  at  boiling  temperature.  It  occurs  in  colorless  crystals  of  melting-point  149°  C. 
(300  2°  F).  It  is  almost  insoluble  in  water,  and  readily  soluble  in  alcohol. 

It  is  employed  as  an  antipyretic  in  doses  of  from  1-2  Gm.  (15-30  grains). 

ACETYL-PARA-AMI  DO-PHENYL  SALICYLATE.  See  Salophen. 

ACETYL-AMI  DO-ANTI  PYRIN  E.  See  underAntipyrine. 
ACETYL-PARA-ETHOXY-PHENYL-URETHANE.  See  Thermodin. 
ACETYL-PHENYL-HYDRAZINE.  See  Hydracetine. 

ACID  ANISIC.  See  Anisic  Acid. 

ALPHA-OX  Y-NAPHTOIC.  See  Alpfia-Oxy-Naphtoic  Acid. 

ASEPTIC.  See  Aseptic  Acid. 

BETA-PHENYL-PROPIONIC.  See  Beta-Phenyl  Propionic  Acid. 
BETA-PHENYLO-SALICYLIC  ACID.  See  Beta-Phenyl-Salicylic  Acid. 

CAMPHORIC.  See  Camphoric  Acid. 

CINNAMYLIC.  See  Cinnamic  Acid. 

CRESYLIC.  See  Cresol. 

DI-CHLOR-ACETIC.  See  Di-Chlor -Acetic  Acid. 

DI-IODO-SALICYLIC.  See  Di-Iodo-Salicylic  Acid. 

FILICIC.  See  Filicic  Acid. 

GYMNEMIC.  See  Gymnemic  Acid. 

HYDRO-CYNNAMIC.  See  Beta-Phenyl  Propionic  Acid. 

ORTHO-AMIDO-SALICYLIC.  See  Ortho  Amido-Salicylic  Acid. 

PHENYLO  SALICYLIC.  See  Phenylo-Salicylic  Acid. 

SOZALIC.  See  Aseptol. 

SOZOIODIC.  See  Sozoiodic  Acid. 

SOZOLIC.  See  Aseptol. 

SULPHOTUMENOLIC.  See  Tumenol. 

TETRA-THIO-DICHLOR-SALICYLIC.  See  Tetra-Thio-Dichlor-Salicylic  Acid. 
THIOLINIC.  See  Thiolinic  Acid. 

TRI-CHLOR-ACETcC.  See  Tri-Chlor- Acetic  Acid. 

ADEPS  LAN/C. 

Synonyms:  Lanolin;  Adeps  Lanae  Hydrosus,  U.  S.  P. 

The  purified  fat  of  the  wool  of  sheep  mixed  with  not  more  than  30  per  cent 

of  water.”  U.  S.  P. 

The  wool  of  sheep  contains  a large  per  cent,  of  fats  (about  45#)  which  it  is  necessary 
to  remove  before  it  can  be  used  in  manufacturing.  These  fats  consist  of  a mixture 
of  fatty  esters  of  cholesterin  and  isocholesterin.  The  crude  wool  fat,  which  is  usually 
obtained  by  washing  the  wool  with  benzine,  acetone  or  some  similar  sollvent  and 
evaporating,  is  emulsionized  with  a weak  alkaline  solution,  then  separating  the 
creamy  mixture  in  centrifugal  machines;  the  upper  layer  of  fluid  contains  the 
cholesterin  fats,  while  the  lower  layer  consists  of  a soap  solution  of  the  impure  fatty 
acids.  The  upper  fluid  is  drawn  off  and  the  chloesterin  fats  set  free  by  the  addition 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


3 


of  a solution  of  calcium  chloride;  the  impure  lanolin  thus  obtained  is  purified  by  re- 
peated melting  and  washing,  finally  extracting  with  acetone. 

Anhydrous  wool-fat  is  of  a pale  yellow  color,  somewhat  translucent,  melting  at  36° 
C.  (96  8°  F. ),  readily  soluble  in  benzine,  ether,  chloroform,  acetone,  but  only  partly  soluble 
in  alcohol.  When  mixed  with  30  per  cent,  of  water  it  constitutes  the  hydrous  woo  -fat 
of  the  Pharmacopoeia. 

Hydrous  wool-fat  occurs  as  a nearly  white  ointment-like  mass  the  surface  of 
which,  on  standing,  becomes  of  an  orange  color,  due  to  loss  of  water.  Its  melting 
point  is  about  40°  O.  (104°  F.);  it  is  miscible  with  twice  its  weight  of  water  without 
losing  its  ointment-like  character.  Wool-fat  is  employed  as  a base  for  the  preparation 
of  ointments,  pomades,  creams,  etc. 

ADONIN. 

A glucosidal  principle  obtained  from  the  herb  Adonis  vernal  is.  It  is  a bitter,  yel- 
lowish-white, hygroscopic  powder,  soluble  in  water  and  alcohol,  insoluble  in  ether. 
Employed  as  a cardiac  stimulant,  being  feebly  diuretic;  dose  0.01—0.06  Gr.  (1-6—1 
grain. 


/ESCULIN.  C15H1609+1^  Aq. 

A glucoside  obtained  from  the  bark  of  the  horse  chestnut,  (z Psculus  hippocas- 
tanum.)  After  precipitating  the  tannin  and  coloring  matter  from  the  hot  aqueous 
extract  by  means  of  alum  and  ammonia,  the  filtrate  is  evaporated  to  dryness  and  the 
residue  extracted  with  alcohol;  purified  by  recrystallization.  ^Esculin  forms  inodorous 
fine  needle-like-crystals,  of  bitter  taste,  almost  insoluble  in  cold  and  quite  soluble  in 
hot  water,  its  aqueous  solution  having  a strong  blue  fluorescence.  Recommended  as 
an  antipenodic. 

/ETHYL,  /ETHYLEN,  ^ETHYLIDEN,  ETC.,  COMPOUNDS.-(See  under 
Ethyl,  Ethylene.  Ethylidene.  Etc.) 

AGARIC  ACID.  See  Agaricin. 

AGARICIN.  C14H27OH  (C02H)  H20. 

Synonym:  Agaric  Acid. 

The  active  principle  of  the  fungus  Agaricus  albus  or  Polyporus  officinalis , obtained 
by  extraction  with  alcohol.  It  forms  a white  crystalline  powder,  melting  at  140°  <j. 
(284°  F.)  Almost  insoluble  in  cold  water,  soluble  in  130  p.  of  alcohol. 

Agaricin  is  employed  in  the  treatment  of  night  sweats  of  consumptives;  also  in 
relieving  the  sudorific  effect  of  the  synthetic  antipyretics.  Dose,  0.01—0.03  Gm.  (1-6-  }4 
grain.) 

AGATHIN.  C6H5-N(CH3)-N:  CH-C6H4  (OH). 

Synonym : Salicyl-x-methyl-phenyl  hydrazone. 

Agathin  is  obtained  by  reaction  between  salicylic  aldehyde  and  the  base  methyl- 
phenyl-hydrazone.  This  forms  colorless  crystalline  flakes,  inodorous  and  tasteless, 
insoluble  in  water,  but  soluble  in  alcohol  and  ether.  Its  melting  point  is  70°  C. 
(158°  F.) 

Agathin  is  employed  as  an  anti-neuralgic  and  anti-rheumatic  in  doses  of  0.1:—' \5 
Gm.  (2—8  grains). 

AGNINE. 

This  is  probably  prepared  by  distilling  wool-fat  i t a current  of  superheated  steam. 
Tt  contains  a large  percentage  of  free  fatty  acids  (33#)! 

AGO P Y R I N . See  under  Antipyrine. 


AIROL. 

An  oxyiodide  of  bismuth  subgallate,  patented  by  the  firm  of  Hoffmann.  Traub  & 
Co.,  of  Basel.  This  compound  possesses  the  absorbent  properties  of  subgallate  of  bis- 
muth as  well  as  the  antiseptic  properties  of  its  iodine  combination  Airol  forms  a 
greenish  gray,  fine  voluminous,  inodorous  and  tasteless  powder.  Light  produces  no 
effect,  while  moist  air  causes  the  powder  to  turn  a red  color,  with  loss  of  iodine,  in 
contact  with  water,  particularly  when  heated,  the  powder  undergoes  slow  decomposi- 
tion. changing  to  a red  color,  with  loss  of  iodine.  Dilute  alkalies  and  acids  dissolve 
this  compound  readily.  The  formula  ascribed  is : 


c6h; 


f-OII 
J -OH 
I —OH 
l -COO  Bi 


^OII 

^1. 


That  is,  it  is  a basic*  bismuth  gallate  in  which  a hydroxyl  group  is  replaced  by 
iodine.  Airol  is  applied  as  a dusting  powder  over  wounds,  sores,  etc. 


ALANT-CAMPHOR.  See  under  Alantol. 


4 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


ALANTOL.  C10H16O. 

Elecampane  root  ( Inula  Helenium)  contains,  aside  from  inulin.  resinous,  waxy  and 
extractive  matter;  alantol,  a liquid  stearoptene,  alantic  anhydride,  a crystalline 
body,  and  a solid  stearoptene  called  helenin. 

Alantol  is  an  aromatic  liquid,  of  a peppermint-like  odor,  boiling  at  200°  C.  (392°  F.). 
It  is  employed  as  an  antiseptic  in  treatment  of  tuberculous  diseases. 

Helenin  or  Alant-  Camphor.  C6  Hj  0O . 

This  occurs  in  colorless,  inodorous  crystalline  needles,  insoluble  in  water,  but 
soluble  in  alcohol  and  ether,  melting  at  68°— 70°  C.  (155° -158°  F.).  It  is  employed  as 
an  antiseptic  in  treatment  of  malaria,  tuberculosis,  diarrhoea,  etc.,  in  frequent  doses 
of  0.01  Gm.  OA  grain.) 

ALBOLENE. 

This  is  a refined  product  of  petroleum,  free  from  any  definite  chemical  or  physio- 
logical action;  it  cannot  become  rancid,  and  is  introduced  as  a colorless,  odorless  base 
for  ointments,  cerates,  salves,  pomades,  etc.,  especially  in  hot  climates. 

Albolen  eliquid  is  a colorless,  odorless,  tasteless  fluid,  with  a specific  gravity  of  0.865 
at  60°  F.,  obtained  from  petroleum  and  afterwards  specially  treated.  It  does  not 
saponify  nor  become  rancid,  neither  is  it  decomposed  by  acids  or  akalies.  It  can  be 
vaporized  in  a brine  bath  at  zero,  indicating  the  absence  of  solid  paraffin,  and  is 
free  from  petroleum  ethers.  Its  lightness  makes  it  very  diffusible  as  vapor  or  as  a 
solvent  for  drugs  used  in  oil  for  spraying  the  nasopharyngeal  passages. 

ALIZARIN-YELLOW-C.  See  Gallacetophenon. 

ALLY L-M U STAR D OIL.  See  Oleum  Sinapis  Volatile. 

ALLYL-SULPHO-CARBAMIDE.  See  Thiosinamine. 

ALLYL-SULPHO-UREA.  See  Thiosinamine. 

ALLYL-T HI O-UREA.  See  Thiosinamine. 

A L P H O L.  See  Betol. 

ALUMINUM - AMMONIUM -SALICYLATE.  See  Salumin  (soluble). 

ALUMINUM-BASIC  TANNATE.  See  Tannal  (insoluble). 

ALUMIN UM-BET A-NAPTHOL-DISULPHONATE.  See  Alumnol. 

ALUMIN  UM-BORO  FOR  MATE. 

It  is  thus  made:  Mix  2 parts  formic  acid.  1 part  boric  acid  and  6 or  7 parts  of 
water,  and  in  the  mixture  dissolve  fresh  precipitated  alumina;  filter,  allow  to  crystal- 
lize; or  it  may  be  employed  in  a solution  of  sp.  gr.  1.084  (10$)  or  sp.  gr.  1.110  (20$),  re- 
duced by  careful  evaporation.  It  is  employed  as  a mild  antiseptic  and  astringent. 

ALUMIN  UM-BO  RO-T  ANN  I CO-T  ART  RATE.  See  Cutal. 

ALUMINUM-BORO-TARTRATE.  See  Boral. 

ALUMINUM-GALLATE  (Basic).  See  Gallal. 

ALU MINUM-PARA-PHENOL-SULPHONATE.  See  Sozal. 

ALUMINUM-POT  ASSIUM-PARA-PHENOL-SULPHONATE. 

A12K2(C6H4(0H)S03)8. 

This  compound  is  obtained  by  saturating  para-phenol  sulphonic  acid  with  a solu- 
tion of  potassium-aluminate.  It  forms  colorless  crystals,  soluble  in  water.  Its  prop- 
erties are  those  of  an  antiseptic  and  astringent ; it  is  employed  chiefly  as  a wash  for 
indolent  ulcers,  etc. 

ALUMINUM  SALICYLATE.  See  Salumin  (insoluble.) 

ALUMINUM  TANNATE  (Basic.)  See  Tannal. 

ALUMINUM  TANNIC-TARTRATE.  See  Tannal  (soluble.) 

ALUMNOL.  (C10He  (OH)SOa),Al. 

Synonym:  Beta-Naphthol-Disulphonateof  Aluminum. 

Alumnol  is  obtained  by  reaction  between  the  barium  compound  of  beta-naphthol- 
disulphonic  acid  and  aluminum  sulphate.  It  forms  a colorless  powder,  readily  soluble 
in  water  and  glycerine,  but  only  slightly  soluble  in  alcohol.  Aqueous  solutions  are 
incompatible  with  alkaline  solutions,  the  hydrate  of  alumina  being  precipitated.  Like- 
wise it  precipitates  albuminoid  and  gelatinous  bodies  from  solution,  the  precipitate 
being  soluble  in  excess  of  albumen  or  gelatin. 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


5 


# 


Alumnol  is  employed  as  an  antiseptic  and  astringent.  As  a wash  for  purulent 
surfaces,  it  is  employed  in  from  1 to  5#  solution  ; in  10  to  20 % solutions  it  serves  as  a 
cautery.  Mixed  with  powdered  talc  or  starch  (10  to  20%),  it  forms  an  astringent  dust- 
ing powder. 

ALSTONIN. 

An  alkaloid  obtained  from  the  bark  of  the  Alstoma  constricta  (Apocynaceae.) 

Alstonin  form*  white,  crystalline  needles,  insoluble  in  water;  soluble  in  alcohol, 
ether  and  chloroform.  To  hot  water  it  imparts  an  intensely  bitter  taste. 

Tts  properties  are  those  of  an  antiperiodic  and  antiseptic,  being  employed  in  the 
treatment  of  typhus  fever.  Nothing  is  known  concerning  its  dose. 

A M I DO- AC  ET- P H E N ET I D I N . See  Phenocoll. 

AM  I DO-ANTI  PYRINE.  See  under  Antipyrine. 

AMIDO-GUAIACOL. 

Aceto-o-anisidin,  on  treatment  with  nitric  acid,  yields  nitro-acet-o-anisidin,  which, 
on  being  boiled  with  alkalies,  undergoes  saponification,  yielding  an  alkali  salt  of  nitro- 
guaiacol.  By  the  action  of  zinc  and  hydrochloric  acid  or  other  reducing  agents,  this 
nitro-guaiacol  is  converted  into  amido-guaiacol.  This  base  melts  at  184°  C.  (363.2°  F.); 
its  hydrochloride  at  242°  C.  (467.6°  F.)  The  salts  of  amido-guaiacol  are  employed  iu 
the  preparation  of  colors  and  as  medicinal  agents. 

AMIDO-SUCCINAMIDE.  See  Asparagin. 

AMMONIUM  EMBELICUM.  CwH1302.  NH4. 

This  is  the  ammonium  salt  of  embelic  acid,  the  latter  being  prepared  from  the 

Embdia  Hides,  Burm.  ( Myrsinacece .) 

It  is  a brick-red'powder.  readily  soluble  in  diluted  alcohol. 

It  is  employed  as  a taenifuge,  in  doses  from  0.18  Gm.  (2.8  grains)  for  children;  to  0.4 
Gm.  (6.  grains)  for  adults. 

AMMONIUM-ICHTHYOL-SULPHONATE.  See  Ichthyol. 

AMMONIUM  SALICYLATE.  C6H4  (OH)  COONH4. 

This  compound  is  obtained  by  neutralizing  salicylic  acid  with  ammonium  carbon- 
ate, evaporating  and  crystallizing.  It  forms  a white  crystalline  powder,  of  sweet 
taste  and  very  soluble  in  water. 

Ammonium  Salicylate  is  recommended  as  an  expectorant,  the  dose  being  the  same 
as  the  other  salicylates. 

AMMON  I U M-SU  LPHO-ICHTH  YOLICU  M.  See  Ichthyol. 

AMMONOL. 

A proprietary  remedy  recommended  as  an  antipyretic  and  analgesic/  It  is  also 
claimed  to  possess  antiseptic  properties.  Bose  0.3  to  1.3  Gm.  (5  to  20  grains.) 

AMYL-ALCOHOL,  TERTIARY.  See  Amylene  Hydrate. 

AMYLENE.  SeePental. 

AMYLENE  HYDRATE.  (CH3)2.C2H5.C.OH. 

Synonyms:  Tertiary  Amyl  Alcohol ; Amylenum  Ilydratum  ; Dimethvl- 
Ethyl-Carbinol . 

This  is  one  of  the  eight  possible  alcohols  of  the  general  formula.  C5  H , 4 OH  ; it  is 
prepared  by  the  action  of  sulphuric  acid  upon  amylene  (C5  II10),  the  latter  being  ob 
tailed  by  the  action  of  dehydrating  agents  on  isobutylcarbinol. 

Amylene  Hydrate  is  a colorless,  limpid  fluid  of  peculiar  penetrating  odor,  similar 
to  that  of  peppermint.  Its  specific  gravity  is  0.815,  and  boiling  point  is  between  99°- 
103°  C.  (210°-217°  F.)  It  dissolves  in  eight  parts  of  water,  and  is  miscible  with  alcohol, 
ether,  glycerine  and  the  fatty  oils. 

Tertiary  Amyl  Alcohol  is  employed  as  a hypnotic  in  doses  of  2 to  4 Gm.  (30  to  60 
grains.) 

AMYLOCARBOL. 

A mixture  of  nine  parts  of  phenol ; green  soap,  150  parts  ; amylic  alcohox,  160 
parts,  and  water  sufficient  to  make  1,000  parts. 

AMYL-VALERIANATE.  C6Htf02  C5Hn. 

Synonyms:  Apple  Oil ; Iso-Amyl- Valerianate. 

This  well  known  ester  is  a colorless  ethereal  liquid,  which  boils  at  194°  C.  It  pos- 
sesses a solvent  action  on  cholesterin  ; also  exerts  a specific  stimulating  and  sedative 
action  on  the  liver  in  gallstone  colic.  Usually  administered  in  gelatin  capsules  con- 
taining 0.15  Gm.  (2.3  grains.) 


6 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


ANADOL. 

A proprietary  antipyretic. 

ANAGYRINE  H YDROBROMATE.  C14H18N203HBra. 

This  is  a salt  of  the  alkaloid  obtained  from  the  seed  of  Anagyris  foetida.  It  occurs  as 
small,  white  shining  scales,  which  are  soluble  in  water  and  alcohol,  and  melt  between 
26  ° and  266°  C.  Physiological  investigations  by  Hardy  and  others  have  proved  ana- 
gyrine  to  be  toxic  ; therapeutic  data  are  wanting. 

ANALGENE.  C9H5-OC2H5-NH.  COC6H5-N. 

Synonyms:  Benzanalgene  ; Ortho  Ethoxy  Ana-Mono-Benzoyl-Amido-Chino- 
lin;  Ethoxy-Ana-Benzoyl-Amido-Uhinoline. 

This  body  is  obtained  by  introducing  an  ethyl  and  amido  group  into  ortho-oxv- 
chinolin  ; into  the  resulting  ortho  oxyethyl-amido-chinolin  the  benzoyl  group  is  intro- 
duced by  the  action  of  benzoyl  chlorid. 

Analgene  forms  white,  tasteless  crystals,  melting  at  208°  C.  (406.4°  F.),  insoluble  in 
water,  readily  soluble  in  alcohol. 

’This  compound  is  employed  as  an  anti-neuralgic  in  doses  of  0.5  to  1.0  Gm.  (8  to  15 
grains.) 

ANALGESIN.  See  Antipyrin. 

ANALGIA. 

Proprietary  analgesic  and  antipyretic. 

ANASPALIN  E. 

This  consists  of  a mixture  of  wool-fat,  with  about  25$  of  petrolatum . 

ANDUNEA. 

A proprietary  analgesic. 

ANEMONIN.  C10H8O4. 

This  is  the  active  principle  of  the  herbs  Anemone  pulsatilla,  A.  pratensis  and  Ranun- 
culus acer. 

It  occurs  in  colorless,  crystalline  needles,  which  melt  at  152°  C.  (305.6°  F.),  and 
readily  dissolve  in  warm  alcohol  and  the  oils  while  being  almost  insoluble  in  water. 
Anemonm  is  employed  in  treatment  of  whooping  cough,  bronchitis  and  asthma  in 
doses  of  0.05  to  1.01  Gm.  (0.T  to  1.5  grains). 

ANETHOL.  C3H5-C6H4-0-CH3. 

Synonyms:  Para-Allyl- Phenyl-Methyl-Ether  ; Anise  Camphor. 

Anethol  constitutes  th*  main  constituent  of  oil  of  anise.  It  occurs  in  colorless 
crystals,  melting  at  22°  C.  (71.6°  F.)  and  boiling  at  234°  C.  (453°  F.),  soluble  in  alcohol 
and  the  oils,  but  insoluble  in  water. 

Anethol  is  employed  as  an  antiseptic,  also  as  a flavoring  constituent  in  liquors,  etc. 

ANGIONEU ROSIN.  See  Nitroglycerin. 

AN  HYDRO-GLUCO-CH LORAL.  See  Chloralose. 

ANISE  CAMPHOR.  See  Anethol. 

ANISIC  ACID.  C6H4(OCH3)COOH. 

Synonym : Paramethoxy-Benzoic  Acid. 

This  is  an  isomer  of  methyl  salicylic  acid,  obtained  by  oxidation  of  anethol,  a 
constituent  of  oils  of  anise  and  fennel. 

It  forms  colorless  prismatic  crystals,  which  melt  at  180°  C.  (356°  F.)  It  is  insoluble 
in  cold  water,  but  very  soluble  in  alcohol. 

Employed  externally  it  possesses  antiseptic  properties.  Internally  it  exerts  anti- 
pyretic and  anti-rheumatic  properties.  It  is  usually  administered  as  sodium  salt. 

SODIUM  ANISATE.  This  is  obtained  by  neutralizing  anisic  acid  with  sodium 
carbonate  or  bicarbonate.  The  commercial  salt  constitutes  a hygroscopic,  crystalline 
powder  of  less  disagreeable  taste  than  the  acid. 

The  dose  is  1 Gm.  (L5  grains.) 

PHENYLESTER  OF  ANISIC  ACID.  C6H4(0CH3)C02C6H5.  This  compound 
bears  the  same  relationship  to  anisic  acid  as  salol  does  to  salicylic  acid.  It  is  obtained 
by  the  action  of  phosphorus  pentachlorid  on  a mixture  of  anisic  acid  and  phenol. 

It  occurs  as  colorless  crystals,  which  melt  at  75°  C.  (167  F°.),  insoluble  in  water,  but 
very  soluble  in  alcohol  and  ether. 

It  is  employed  in  the  treatment  of  neuralgia  and  rheumatism,  in  doses  from  0.5  to 
1.0  Gm.  (8  to  15  grains.) 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


AN  N I DALI  N.  See  Aristol. 

ANODYNIN  (Anodin.)  See  Antipyrin. 

ANTALGIA. 

A proprietary  antipyretic  and  analgesic. 


ANTHRAROBIN.  C6H4 


^ C (OH) 

< I >C6H2(OH).2. 

CH 


Synonyms:  Dioxyanthrol ; Desoxy- Alizarin ; Leuko- Alizarin. 

A phenol  derivative  related  to  chrysophanic  acid,  obtained  by  the  reduction  of 
alizarin. 

Anthrarobin  is  a yellowish  white  powder,  insoluble  in  water,  but  very  soluble  in 
aqueous  solutions  of  the  alkalies  and  alkaline  earths.  These  alkaline  solutions  rapidly 
turn  green,  then  blue,  through  absorption  of  oxygen  from  the  air,  alizarin  being  re- 
formed. 

It  is  employed  as  a substitute  for  chrysarobin  in  skin  diseases,  usually  as  a 10  to  20^ 
ointment. 

ANTIBACILLIN. 

A proprietary  disinfectant. 

ANTIDIPHTHERITIKON. 

Bokai’s  mixture  of  Oil  of  Birch  (5).  Oil  of  Beech  (3),  Alcohol  (90),  Potassium  Carbon- 
ate (1),  and  Potassium  Sulphide  (5).  Used  as  a diphtheria  remedy. 

ANTIDIPHTHERIN. 

A sterilized  solution  containing  cultures  of  diphtheria  bacillus,  in  addition  to  0.?$ 
of  ortho-cresol  and  some  glycerin.  It  occurs  in  commerce  in  two  concentrations,  one 
double  and  the  other  four  times  the  strength  of  the  original  culture  fluid.  The 
stronger  solution  is  employed  for  painting  the  affected  parts,  while  the  weaker  is  used 
for  hypodermic  injection  (V6  cc.) 

ANTIDOLOR. 

A proprietary  anodyne. 

ANTIFEBRIN.  See  Acetanilid. 

ANTIFETOR. 

A proprietary  deodorizing  powder. 

ANTIKAMNIA. 

A secret  remedy  employed  as  an  antipyretic  and  analgesic.  Various  analyses  have 
shown  the  presence  of  acetanilide,  sodium  bicarbonate  and  caffeine.  Its  dose  is  given 
as  0.3  to  0.6  Gm.  (5  to  10  grains.) 

ANTIKOL. 

A powder  said  to  be  a mixture  of  acetanilide  (75p.),  sodium  bicarbonate  (17.5p.)  and 
tartaric,  acid  (7.5p.)  (Goldmann). 

ANTINERVIN. 

A powder  consisting  of  acetanilide  (50  p.),  ammonium  bromide  (25  p.),  and  salicylic 
acid  (25  p.)  (Squibb). 

It  is  employed  as  an  anidnervine  anl  antipyretic,  in  doses  of  0.5  Gm.  (8  grains). 

ANTINONNIN.  . See  under  Cresol. 

ANTIPYRALGOS. 

A proprietary  antipyretic  and  anodyne. 

ANTIPYRINE.  CnH^NjO. 

Synonyms:  Analgesine ; Anodynin ; Parodyn  : Oxy-Dimethyl-Ghinizin  ; 
Phenazon  ; Phenyl-Dimethyl  Pyrazolon  ; Phenylon  ; Se’datin  ; Di- 
Methyl-Phenyl-Pyrazolon ; Methozine;  Pyrazine. 

This  is  a synthetical  base,  obtained  by  the  action  of  aceto-acetic  ester  on  plienyl- 
hydrazine.  the  resulting  phenyl-methyl-pyrazolon  being  methylated. 

Antioyrina  occurs  in  colorless  and  odorless  crystals,  which  melt  between  112°-113° 
C.  (233  6° -235  4°  F.),  and  are  readily  soluble  in  water  and  alcohol. 

Its  solutions  are  turned  a green  color  on  addition  of  nitrous  acid  (Sp.  Etlieris  Ni 
trosi),  and  a deep  red  color  on  addition  of  ferric  chloride  (Tr.  Ferri  Ohloridi).  Because 
of  its  strongly  basic  properties,  antipyrine  presents  a number  of  incompatibles. 


8 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


The  following  is  a list  of  the  more  important  of  these  : 

Acidum  Hydrocyanicum  Dil. 

Acidum  Tannicum.  All  galenical  preparations  containing  tannin  form  insoluble 
precipitates. 

Acidum  Carbolicum  ; either  one  precipitates  the  other  from  solution. 

Chloral  Hydrate  and  Butyl  Chloral. 

Ferri  Sulphas. 

Ferric  Salts  in  solution  (red  color).  Frequently  dispensed. 

Liquor  Arsenii  et  Hydrargyri  Iodidi ; insoluble  precipitate. 

Mercurous  and  Mercuric  Chloride. 

Nitrites  in  solution  (green  color*.  Frequently  dispensed. 

Sodii  Bicarbonas. 

Tinctura  Iodi ; insoluble  precipitate. 

When  triturated  with  Chloral,  Phenyl-Urethane,  Beta-Naphthol  or  Sodium  Salicyl- 
ate, it  forms  a pasty  or  liquid  mass. 

Antipyrine  increases  the  solubility  of  Caffeine  and  Quinine  Salts  in  water 

Internally  it  is  employed  as  an  antipyretic,  antirheumatic  and  antineuralgic  in 
doses  of  1 to  2 Gm.  (15  to  HO  grains)  for  adults,  and  <>.2  to  0.5  Gm.  (3  to  8 grains)  for  chil- 
dren. Externally,  antipyrinejis  used  as  an  antiseptic  and  haemostatic. 

DERIVATIVES  AND  ALLIED  COMPOUNDS. 

Antipyrine.  being  a basic  body,  readily  unites  with  acids  to  form  salts,  a number 
of  which  have  been  introduced  into  medicine. 

SALIPYRINE , or  ANTIPYRINE  SALICYLATE  (CnH12N20.C7H603),  is  ob- 
tained by  interaction  between  antipyrine  and  salicylic  acid  ; 57.7  parts  of  the  former 
and  42.3  parts  of  the  latter  being  heated  together  on  a water  bath,  the  resulting  oily- 
like  fluid  which  solidifies  on  cooling  is  crystallized  from  alcohol.  It  occurs  as  a crys 
talline,  inodorous  powder,  melting  at  92°  C.  (197.6°  F.),  soluble  in  200  parts  of  cold  and 
25  parts  of  boiling  water,  very  soluble  in  alcohol  and  ether.  Salipyrine  exerts  the  com- 
bined effects  of  antipyrine  and  salicylic  acid,  being  employed  in  the  treatment  of 
acute  and  chronic  rheumatism,  rheumatic  sciatica  and  influenza,  in  doses  of  1 to  2 Gm. 
(15  to  30  grains). 

AGOPYRIN.  A secret  remedy  which  appears  in  the  form  of  tablets  containing 
ammonium  chloride  1-3  grain,  cinchonine  sulphate  1-3  grain  and  salicin  4 grains. 

ACETYL  AMID O ANTIPYRINE  is  the  acetyl  derivative  of  amido-antipyrine. 
which  in  turn  is  obtained  by  the  reduction  of  iso  nitroso-antipyrine.  This  latter 
body  results  from  the  action  of  nitrous  acid  on  antipyrine.  It  forms  a crystalline 
powder  which  melts  at  197°  C.  (386.6°  F.),  its  properties  being  similar  to  those  of  anti- 
pyrine. 

AMID  0 ANTIPYRINE  occurs  in  yellow  needles  which  melt  at  119°  C.  (288°  F.) 
It  is  obtained  by  the  reduction  of  isonitroso-antipyrine,  which  results  from  the  action 
of  nitrous  acid  on  antipyrine. 

BUTYL-HYPN AL  is  a combination  of  butyl  chloral  and  antipyrine,  similar  to 
that  of  the  latter  with  chloral  hydrate  (see  Hypnal.)  It  forms  colorless  needles,  melt- 
ing at  70°  C.  (158°  F.),  soluble  in  30  parts  of  water  and  readily  soluble  in  alcohol. 

DICELORALANTIPYRINE  (C11H12N20-f2CCl3CH(0H)2)  is  obtained  by  tri- 
turating 94  parts  of  antipyrine  with  165.5  parts  of  chloral  hydrate  until  a mass  is  ob- 
tained, which  is  crystallized  from  hot  water.  Its  medicinal  properties  are  like  those 
of  monochloralantipyrine. 

IODOPYRINE , or  IODO ANTIPYRINE  (CnHnIN20),  forms  colorless  needles, 
which  melt  at  160°C.  (320°  F.),  being  only  slightly  soluble  in  water.  Iodopyrine  has 
the  action  of  an  iodide  in  addition  to  that  of  antipyrine : its  dose  being  0 5 to  1.5  Gm. 
(8  to  23  grains). 

MIGRA  NIN.  This  is  an  antipyrine  preparation,  the  composition  of  which  is,  accord- 
ing to  various  analyses,  antipyrine  89.4$,  caffeine  8.2$,  citric  acid  0.56$  and  moisture 
1.84$.  It  is  recommended  as  a specific  in  the  treatment  of  migraine,  and  is  also  em- 
ployed in  relieving  the  headache  of  influenza.  The  dose  is  given  as  1 Gm.  (15  5 grains). 

PARA-METHOXY-  PHENYL  - DIMETHYL  - P YRA  Z OL  ON  or  PA  RA  - ME- 
THOXY- ANTIPYRINE.  Obtained  by  methylating  the  product  of  the  reaction  be- 
tween p methoxy-phenyl-hydra-zine  and  acetoacetic  ester.  It  forms  crystals  which 
melt  at  82°  C.  (17^.6°  F ),  being  readily  soluble  in  water  and  alcohol.  The  ethoxy 
compound  melts  at  91°  C.  (195  8°  F.)  , . . ' . 

Both  of  these  compounds  possess  antipyretic  and  antineuralgic  properties,  being 
weaker,  however,  than  antipyrine. 

MONOCHLORALANTIPYRINE , or  HYPNAL  (CnH12N20.  CC13CH  (OH)a),  is 
obtained  by  triturating  together  188  parts  of  antipyrine  and  165.5  parts  of  chloral 
hydrate  until  liquefaction  takes  place;  the  oily-like  fluid  is  then  dissolved  in  hot 
water  and  set  aside  t * crystallize.  Hypnal  forms  colorless  crystals,  which  melt  at 
67.5°  C.  (154°  F.),  and  are  readily  soluble  in  warm  water.  It  is  employed  as  a hypnotic 
and  analgesic  in  doses  of  1 to  2 Gm.  (15  to  3U  grains). 

NAPHTHOPYRINE  (Beta-Naphthol-Antipyrine)  is  a molecular  compound  of  beta- 
naphthol  and  antipyrine,  obtained  by  trituration. 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


9 


PHEN OPYRINE  is  prepared  from  equal  parts  of  phenol  and  antipyrine.  It  is  an 
oily,  colorless  fluid,  free  from  odor,  insoluble  in  cold  water. 

PYRO  GALL  OPYRINE  is  obtained  by  reaction  between  pvro?allol  and  antipy- 
rine. 

RESOPYRINE  (CnH12N204-C6H4  (OH)2)  is  obtained  by  reaction  between  anti- 
pyrine and  resorcin  in  solution  in  molecular  proportions.  This  is  obtaiued  by  crystal- 
lization in  fine  rhombic  crystals,  which  are  insoluble  in  water  and  soluble  in  5 parts  of 
alcohol.  Nothing  definite  is  known  concerning  its  therapeutic  properties. 

ANTIPYRINE  MANDELATE.  See  Tussol. 

ANTIPYRINE  PHENYL-GLYCOLATE.  See  Tussol. 

ANTIPYRINE  SALICYLATE.  See  Salipyrin,  under  Antipyrin. 

ANTIRHEUMATIN. 

This  compound  of  sodium  salicylate  and  methylene  blue  (q.  v.)  forms  blue,  prisma- 
tic crystals,  soluble  in  water  and  alcohol.  Recommended  as  an  antirheumatic,  in 
doses  of  0.06  to  0.09  Gm,  (1  to  1^  grains). 

ANTISEPSINE.  C6H4Br  NH-CH3CO. 

Synonyms:  Asepsine;  Para-Brom-Acetanilid ; p-Mono-Brom-Phenyl-Aceta- 
mid. 

Asepsine  is  obtained  by  adding  bromine,  in  molecular  proportions,  to  a solution 
of  acetanilid  in  glacial  acetic  acid ; the  white  precipitate  formed  is  recrystallized  from 
alcohol.  It  forms  colorless  crystals,  which  melt  between  165°  and  166°  (’.  ( 29°  to 
3:30.8°  F.)  It  is  but  slightly  soluble  in  water,  more  so  in  alcohol.  Its  properties  are 
those  of  an  antipyretic,  in  doses  of  1 to  2 Gm  (15  to  30  grains) ; it  is  also  of  value  in 
treatment  of  muscular  rheumatism  and  neuralgia. 

ANTISEPTOL.  (Chemical  Formula  Uncertain). 

Synonyms : Antiseptolum  ; Cinchonin-Herapathit ; Cinchonin  Iodosul- 
phate. 

To  a solution  of  25  parts  of  cinchonin  sulphate,  in  2.000  parts  of  water,  is  added  a 
solution  of  10  parts  of  iodine  and  10  parts  of  potassium  iodide  in  water,  the  precipitate 
is  collected,  washed  and  dried.  This  constitutes  a red-brown  powder,  which  is  in- 
soluble in  water,  but  very  soluble  in  alcohol  and  chloroform.  It  contains  about  50^  of 
iodine. 

Antis«'ptol  is  employed  as  a substitute  for  iodoform. 

ANTISPASMIN.  C23H26N08Na+3C6H4  (OH)  COONa. 

This  is  a double  salt  of  narceine  sodium  and  salicylate  of  sodium.  It  forms  a 
white,  slightly  hygroscopic  powder,  which  dissolves  readily  in  water.  The  compound 
contains  about  50#  of  narceine  and  has  an  alkaline  reaction.  Antispasmin  is  a hyp- 
notic and  sedative,  being  administered  in  doses  of  0.01  to  0.1  Gm.  (i/6  to  1 ^ grains). 

ANTITETRAIZIN. 

A derivative  of  quinine,  recommended  by  Zambeletti  in  treatment  of  neuralgia, 
influenza,  etc.,  in  doses  of  0.2  to  0.25  Gm.  (3  to  4 grains). 

ANTITHERMAL. 

A proprietary  febrifuge. 

ANTITHERM  IN.  CH3C  (C«H5N2H)  C2H4COOH. 

Synonym:  Phenylhydrazine-Laevulinic  Acid. 

This  compound  is  obtained  by  interaction  between  a solution  of  phenylhydrazine 
in  acetic  acid  and  laevulinic  acid.  It  occurs  in  colorless,  tasteless  crystals,  which  melt 
at  108°  < ).  (226.4°  F.),  almost  insoluble  in  cold  water. 

Antithermin  is  employed  as  an  antipyretic  in  pulmonary  phthisis  and  morbus 
Bnghtii,  the  dose  being  0 2 Gm.  (3  grains). 

ANTITOXIN  E.  See  Diphtheria  Antitoxine. 

ANTITOXINE. 

A proprietary  antipyretic,  not  to  be  confounded  with  the  generic  term  “Antitox- 
ine.” the  blood  serum  of  immunized  animals. 

APIOL.  C12H1404. 

A stearoptene  obtained  from  the  fruits  of  Petroselinum  Sativum.  The  alcoholic 
extract  of  the  fruit  is  reduced  to  extractive  consistence  and  the  extract  washed  with 
ether,  whereby  the  apiol  goes  into  solution  and  on  evaporation  of  the  ether  crystal- 
lizes. The  so-called  liquid  apiol  is  merely  an  alcoholic  extract  of  the  parsley  fruit. 


10 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


Apiol  forms  colorless  needles,  of  feeble  parsley- like  odor,  melting  at  32°  C.  (89.6°  F.), 
insoluble  in  water,  very  soluble  in  alcohol,  ether,  fixed  and  volatile  oils. 

It  is  employed  as  an  antiperiodic  and  against  dysmenorrhoea.  Dose  0.25  Gm. 
(4  grains). 

APOCODEIA  HYDROCHLORATE.  C18H19N02-HC1. 

Synonym : Apocodeinum  Hydrochloricum. 

This  is  prepared  from  codeine  in  a manner  analogous  to  the  manufacture  of  apo- 
morphine  from  morphine  Apocodeine  hydrochi' »rate  forms  an  amorphous,  yellow- 
ish powder,  soluble  in  alcohol  and  water.  Its  properties  are  similar  to  those  of  apo- 
morphine,  it  being  employed  as  an  expectorant  in  doses  of  0.06  to  0.08  Gm.  (I  to  1*4 
grains). 

APYONIN. 

A yellow,'  crystalline  powder,  introduced  as  a rival  to  auramine  for  use  in  ophthal- 
mic surgery.  It  is  slightly  soluble  in  water  and  readily  in  alcohol. 

ARBUTIN.  (C12H1607)2+H20. 

A glucoside  obtained  from  the  leaves  of  the  bearberry.  Arctostaphylos  uva  ursi. 

It  occurs  in  colorless,  silky  needles,  which  melt  at  17o°  C.  (338°  F.),  soluble  in  8 
parts  of  cold  water  and  16  parts  of  alcohol.  Arbutin  is  employed  in  diseases  of  the 
kidneys  and  urinary  tract,  being  given  in  doses  up  to  5 Gm.  (75  grains). 

ARECOLIN.  C8H13N02. 

A liquid  alkaloid  obtained  from  the  betel-nut  ( Areca  catechu').  It  is  a strongly 
alkaline  liquid,  miscible  with  water,  alcohol  or  ether  ; boiling  at  220°  C.  (428°  F.) 

Arecolin  is  employed  as  an  anthelmintic,  in  doses  of  0 003  to  0.004  Gm.  (1-20  to  1-16 
grain).  Great  care  should  be  observed  in  its  administration,  as  it  is  a powerful 
heart  poison. 

The  hydrochlorate  of  arecolin , a soluble  crystalline  salt,  melting  at  167°  C.,  is  also 
employed  for  the  same  purposes  as  the  above. 

ARGENT  AMIN. 

An  antiseptic,  employed  in  gonorrhoea.  It  is  a solution  of  silver  phosphate  in 
aqueous  solution  of  aethylendiamine.  In  the  preparation  of  this  the  manufacturers 
have  sought  to  present  an  antiseptic,  which  does  not  precipitate  albumen,  held  in  solu- 
tion in  a non-corrosive  and  non-toxic  solvent.  It  has  been  found  that  the  antiseptic 
power  of  strong  alkiline  solvents  is  greater  than  simple  aqueous  solutions,  since  the 
alkalies  dissolve  the  membrane  of  the  micro-organism ; as  organic  bases  adapted  to 
this  purpose  are  aethylendiamine  and  alkyl  derivatives,  piperazin.  etc.  As  antiseptics, 
which,  in  conjunction  with  these  organic  bases,  do  not  precipitate  albumen,  are 
phenol,  cresol,  thymol,  naphthol,  guaiacol  and  silver  salts.  The  solutions  are  prepared 
thus,  after  the  patent : 10  parts  of  aethylendiamine  are  dissolved  in  500  parts  of  water, 
adding  10  parts  of  freshly  dissolved  cresol.  Where  creosote  or  guaiacol  is  employed, 
it  is  better  to  use  a larger  amount  of  the  base  (aethylendiamine).  For  the  preparation  of 
the  silver  solutions  10  parts  of  silver  phosphate  (nitrate  or  chloride)  are  added  slowly, 
with  constant  stirring,  to  a solution  of  10  parts  of  the  base  in  100  parts  of  water. 

C3H7  C3H7. 

ARISTOL.  > C6H2  (OI)-OIHsCe  < 

CHS  ch3. 

Synonyms:  Annidalin  ; Di-Iodo-Dithymol ; Di-Thymol-Iodide. 

To  a solution  of  5 parts  of  thymol  and  1.2  parts  of  sodium-hydrate  in  10  parts  of 
water,  add  gradually  under  constant  stirring,  a solution  of  6 parts  of  iodine  and  9 
parts  of  potassium  iodide  in  10  parts  of  water.  The  precipitate  is  washed  with 
water  and  dried  at  low  temperature.  Aristol  forms  a pale  chocolate  colored  amor- 
phous powder,  insoluble  in  water  and  glycerin,  slightly  soluble  in  alcohol,  readily  in 
ether  and  collodion ; light  and  heat  cause  its  decomposition.  Aristol  contains  45.8  per 
cent,  of  iodine.  This  compound  was  introduced  as  a substitute  for  iodoform,  pos- 
sessing the  advantage  of  being  ooorless.  Ointments  containing  it  are  usually  pre- 
pared of  the  strength  of  5 to  10  per  cent. ; other  forms  of  applying  it  are  solutions  in 
oils,  ether  and  collodion. 

AROPHENE.  A proprietary  dental  anaesthetic. 

ASAPROL.  (C10H«.  b OH.  a S03)2  Ca+3H20. 

Synonym:  Beta-naphtol-a-mono-sulphonate  of  calcium. 

This  is  prepared  by  saturating  an  aqueous  solution  of  Beta-naphtol-a-monosul- 
phonic  acid  with  calcium  carbonate,  evaporating  and  crystallizing  the  salt.  Asaprol 
forms  a colorless  to  pale  reddish  inodorous  powder,  which  is  soluble  in  1)4  parts  of 
water  and  3 parts  of  alcohol, 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


11 


It  is  employed  as  an  antipyretic  and  analgesic  in  doses  of  1 to  4 Gm.  (15  to  6o 
grains), 

ASEPSINE.  See  Antisepsine, 

ASEPTIC  ACID. 

This  should  not  be  confounded  with  aseptol,  asepsin  or  antisepsin.  Aseptic  acid 
is  an  aqueous  solution  of  5 Gm.  boric  acid  in  1000  Gm.  of  hydrogen  peroxide  (5%)  with 
or  without  the  addition  of  3 Gm.  of  salicylic  acid.  (Thoms.) 

The  properties  of  this  solution  are  antiseptic. 

ASEPTOL.  CeH4  <g£H. 

Synonyms:  Acidum  Sozolicum ; Sozolic  Acid ; Ortho-Phenol-Sulphonic 
Acid  ; Ortho-Sulpho  Carbolic  Acid. 

Equal  parts  of  concentrated  sulphuric  acid  and  phenol  are  mixed,  the  two  liquid > 
kept  at  as  low  a temperature  as  possible,  otherwise,  by  higher  temperature  the  para- 
acid  forms  instead  of  the  ortho.  After  standing  several  days,  it  is  poured  into  water 
and  neutralized  with  barium  carbonate ; the  oarium  sulphate  is  filtered  off,  the  filtrate 
containing  the  barium  salt  of  sozolic  acid.  The  barium  is  removed  from  this  com- 
pound by  careful  addition  of  sulphuric  acid. 

Aseptol  is  a 33  1-3  per  cent,  solution  of  ortho-phenol-sulphonic  acid,  its  specific 
gravity  being  1.155 ; it  possesses  a feeble  odor  resembling  phenol.  On  long  standing  it 
gradually  goes  over  into  the  para  compound.  Aseptol  is  employed  as  an  antiseptic  wash 
in  10  per  cent,  solution.  Its  solutions  in  glycerin,  oil  or  alcohol  are  inactive.  It  is  ad- 
ministered internally  as  an  anti  fermentive  in  like  doses  as  salicylic  acid. 

ASPARAGIN.  C2H3  (NHj)  <coOH2+H2° 

Synonyms:  Asparamid  ; Amido-Succino- Amide.  m 

A crystalline  principle  which  occurs  in  asparagus  and  marshmallow  root,  being  ob- 
tained from  the  latter  by  evaporating  the  aqueous  extract  to  a concentrated  volume 
and  crystallizing. 

Asparagin  forms  colorless  crystals,  which  are  only  slightly  soluble  in  cold  water 
and  alcohol. 

It  is  employed  as  a diuretic  in  doses  of  0.05  to  0.1  Gm.  (0.7  to  1.5  grains). 

ASPARAMID.  See  Asparagin. 

ASPIDOSPERMIN.  C20H3oN202. 

An  alkaloid  isolated  from  the  bark  of  Aspidosperma  Quebracho.  It  occurs  in  color- 
less crystals,  which  a~e  insoluble  in  water  and  soluble  in  about  48  parts  of  alcohol.  It 
is  employed  in  treatment  of  asthma,  dyspnoea,  emphysema,  etc.,  in  doses  of  0.016  to 
0.03  Gm.  04  to  14  grain). 

ATHANON. 

A proprietary  disinfectant. 

AURAMINE.  See  Pyoktaninum  Aureum. 

BACILLIN. 

A proprietary  deodorizer  and  disinfectant. 

BENZACETIN. 

Synonym:  Acet-Amido  Methyl-Salicylic  Acid. 

This  compound  forms  colorless  crystals,  melting  at  205°  C.  (401°  F.),  and  almost 
insoluble  in  water.  Recommended  as  an  antineuralgic,  in  doses  of  0.5  to  1.  Gm. 
(8  to  15  grains). 

BENZ  AN  ALGEN  E.  See  Analgene. 

BENZANILIDE.  CaH5NH  CO  C6H5. 

Synonym : Benzoyl-Anilide. 

Obtained  by  the  action  of  benzoyl  chloride  on  aniline  in  the  presence  of  caustic 
soda.  It  forms  colorless  crystals,  insoluble  in  water,  soluble  in  alcohol,  melting  at  163° 
G.  (325.4°  F.) 

Benzanilide  is  employed  as  an  antipyretic,  suitable  for  children,  the  dose  being  0.1 
to  0.5  Gm.  (1.5  to  8 grains),  according  to  age. 

BENZONAPHTHOL.  C«H6CO2-e10H7. 

Synonyms:  Beta-Naphthol  Benzoate ; Benzoyl-Beta-Naphthol. 


12 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


This  compound  is  analogous  to  betol  (naphtho-salol).  being  a naphthyl  ester  of 
benzoic  acid  (C6H5C02H).  and  is  obtained  by  the  action  of  benzoyl  chloride  on  beta 
naphthol.  Benzonaphthol  occurs  in  crystalline  needles,  or  powder,  inodorous,  taste- 
less insoluble  in  water,  soluble  in  alcohol  a'id  chloroform,  melts  at  110°  C.  (230°  F.) 
Employed  as  an  intestinal  antiseptic  in  doses  of  0.25  to  0 5 Gm.  (4  to  8 grains),  being 
split  up  in  the  intestines  into  beta-naphthol  and  benzoic  acid. 

BENZO  PARA-CRESOL.  C6H4  (CH3)  (CO-C6H5). 

Prepared  by  action  of  benzoyl  chloride  on  the  sodium  salt  of  para-cresol.  Insolu- 
ble in  water.  Soluble  in  ether  and  hot  alcohol.  Properties  antiseptic. 

BENZOSOL.  C6H4OCH3OCOC6H5. 

Synonyms : Guaiacol  Benzoate ; Benzoyl-Guaiacol. 

This  is  a compound  of  guaiacol,  in  which  a hydrogen  atom  of  its  hydroxyl  is  re- 
placed by  benzoyl.  It  is  obtained  by  the  action  of  benzoyl  chloride  on  the  sodium 
salt  of  guaiacol.  Benzosol  occurs  as  a colorless,  crystalline  powder,  inodorous,  taste- 
less. melting  at  50°  C.  (122°  F.) ; insoluble  in  water,  readily  soluble  in  alcohol.  It 
contains  54#  of  guaiacol. 

This  compound  is  employed  as  an  antiseptic  in  the  treatment  of  phthisis,  the  dose 
being  0.25  to  0.5  Gm.  (4  to  8 grains). 

BENZOYL-ANILIDE.  See  Benzanilide. 

BENZOYL- BETA-NAPHTHOL.  See  Benzonaphthol, 

BENZOYL-GUAIACOL.  See  Benzosol. 

BENZOYL-PARA-CRESOL.  See  under  Cresol. 

BENZOYL-PSEUDO-TROPEIN  HYDROCHLORIDE.  See  Tropa-Cocaine  Hydro- 
chloride. 

BENZOYL-SULPHON1C-IMIDE.  See  Saccharin. 

BETOL.  C6H4(OH)COO.C10H7. 

Synonyms:  Naphthalol;  Naphthosalol;  Salinaphthol ; Salicylicnaphthylether. 

Salol  and  betol  are  derivatives  of  salicylic  acid,  differing  from  one  another  in  that 
in  the  former,  a hydrogen  atom  of  the  salicylic  acid  is  replaced  by  a phenyl 
group,  (C6H5)  while  in  the  latter,  it  is  replaced  by  a naphthyl  group  (C10H7).  Betol  is 
prepared  by  heating  together  a mixture  of  beta-naphthol-sodium,  sodium  salicylate 
and  phosphorus  oxychloride.  It  forms  a white,  inodorous  and  tasteless,  crystalline 
powder,  which  melts  at  95°C.  (203°F.),  almost  insoluble  in  water,  but  dissolves  readily 
in  alcohol  and  ether.  Betol  is  employed  as  an  intestinal  antiseptic ; it  is  also  of  value 
in  treatment  of  vesical  catarrh  and  articular  rheumatism.  The  dose  is  0.3  to  0.5  Gm. 
(5  to  8 grains). 

ALPHOL  is  the  corresponding  salicylic  ester  of  a-naphthol. 

It  is  employed  in  doses  of  0.5  to  1.0  Gm.  (8  to  15  grains)  in  treatment  of  articular 
rheumatism  and  gonorrhoeic  affections. 

BISMUTH  COMPOUNDS. 

The  various  organic  salts  of  bismuth  are  prepared  by  interaction  between  a solu- 
tion of  bismuth  nitrate  [Bi  (N03)3]  and  a salt  of  the  organic  acid,  the  resulting  bis- 
muth compound  precipitating.  In  order  to  obtain  a clear  aqueous  solution  of  bis- 
muth nitrate  it  is  necessary  either  to  dissolve  the  crystals,  first  in  glycerin  (2:3).  then 
diluting  with  water,  or  to  add  sufficient  nitric  acid  to  the  mixture  of  bismuth  nitrate 
and  water  to  effect  a clear  solution  ; in  this  latter  instance  it  is  necessary  that  the  solu- 
tion of  organic  salt  be  slightly  alkaline.  Bismuth  nitrate  may  be  also  dissolved  in  a 25# 
sodium  chloride  solution  or  in  acetic  or  diluted  nitric  acid. 

ALBUMINATE . A pale  gray  or  white  insoluble  powder,  containing  about  9#  of 
bismuth.  Employed  in  gastric  and  intestinal  cramps,  in  doses  of  0.5  to  1 Gm.  (8  to  15 
grains). 

BENZOATE  (Sub-Benzoate.)  Bi(C6H5C02)3.  Bi(OH)3.  By  the  heat  of  a water 
bath.  20  parts  of  bismuth  nitrate  Bi(N03)8  are  dissolved  in  30  parts  of  glycerin,  then 
diluted  with  70  parts  of  water  and  poured  slowly  into  a solution  of  20  parts  of  sodium 
benzoate  in  1,000  paits  of  water.  (This  order  must  not  be  reversed)  The  resulting 
precipitate  is  washed  with  warm  water  until  the  washings  no  longer  react  for  nitric 
acid  (Diphenylamine  T.  S ),  then  dried  at  a temperature  not  above  80°  C.  Bismuth  ben- 
zoate forms  a white  insoluble  powder,  which  is  employed  as  a dusting  powder  for 
torpid  ulcers  ; also  used  internally,  being  preferred  by  many  to  bismuth  salicylate. 

DITHIOSALICYLA  TE , or  THIOFORM.  See  under  Dithiosalicylic  Acid. 

NAPHTHOL  ATE.  Obtained  by  adding  a solution  of  beta-naphthol  in  an  alkali 
to  a solution  of  bismuth  nitrate,  the  latter  being  dissolved  by  aid  of  glycerin  (see 
above)  or  a dilute  acid.  The  precipitated  bismuth  naphtholate  is  well  washed  and 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


13 


» 


dried  at  low  temperature.  It  forms  a brownish,  tasteless  powder,  insoluble  in  water ; 
it  is  employed  as  an  intestimal  antiseptic,  in  doses  of  1 to  2 Gm.  (15  to  30  grains). 

OLE  ATE  (Ci7H33C02)3Bi.  Obtained  by  precipitating  a solution  of  sodium  oleate 
with  a solution  of  an  equivalent  amount  of  bismuth  trinitrate  ; the  solution  of  the  lat- 
ter being  prepared  as  above  directed.  An  insoluble  powder  possessing  emollient  and 
mild  astringent  properties ; employed  in  various  skin  diseases. 

OXYIODIDE , SUBIODIDE,  or  BASIC  IODIDE.  Bi  01.  Crystalline  bismuth 
trinitrate  95.4  Gm.  is  dissolved  in  120  Cc.  of  glacial  acetic  acid  ; this  solution  is  then 
poured,  under  constant  stirring,  into  a solution  of  33.2  Gm.  of  potassium  iodide  and 
50  Gm.  of  sodium  acetate  in  two  liters  of  water.  The  precipitated  oxyiodide  is  then 
washed  by  decantation,  strained  off  and  dried  at  100°  C.  This  is  a reddish-brown 
heavy  powder,  insoluble  in  all  solvents,  except  acid  and  alkali  solutions,  by  which  it  is 
decomposed.  Recommended  as  an  antiseptic,  combining  the  action  of  iodine  and  bis 
muth. 

OXYCHLORIDE  ( Subchloride ).  This  is  made  by  pouring  a solution  of  bismuth 
trinitrate  in  diluted  nitric  acid  into  a solution  of  common  salt.  The  white  precipitate 
is  well  washed  and  then  dried.  Its  medicinal  uses  are  the  same  as  those  of  the  sub- 
nitrate. 

OXY-IOD O-GALL ATE,  or  AIR OL,  C6H2  (OH)3  C02BiOHI,  is  a substitute  for 
iodoform,  applied  in  ointment  (water-free  lard  or  lanolin)  or  dusted  on  in  powder.  It 
is  light  grayish-green  in  color ; has  no  odor  or  taste. 

PHENOLATE . or  CARBOLATE,  Bi  (OED2,  C6H50.  Prepared  by  interaction  be- 
tween a solution  of  bismuth  trinitrate  (see  above)  and  a solution  of  sodium  phenolate. 
Gray  colored,  insoluble,  inodorous  powder,  used  as  an  intestinal  antiseptic  in  doses 
of  0,5  to  1 Gm.  (8  to  15  grains)  also  externally  as  an  antiseptic  dusting-powder. 

PYROGALLATE,  [C6H3(0H)20]2Bi0H.  Prepared  by  dissolving  150  parts  of  pyro- 
gallic  acid  in  650  parts  of  a 25  per  cent,  sodium  chloride  solution,  and  adding  this  solu- 
tion to  3 16  parts  of  bismuth  trichloride  dissolved  in  1000  parts  of  a salt  solution  of  the 
same  strength.  After  digesting  on  a water- bath  for  one  half  hour,  the  solution  is 
poured  into  water,  and  the  basi"  bismuth  salt  thus  precipitated  is  washed  with  water 
acidulated  with  nitric  acid  until  the  washings  are  free  from  chlorides.  Forms  a yel- 
low insoluble  powder,  which  is  recommended  as  an  internal  and  external  antiseptic. 

RESORCINA  TE.  A solution  of  bismuth  trinitrate  is  added  to  a solution  of  resor- 
cin in  excess  of  alkali.  It  forms  a yellowish-brown  powder  which  contains  about  40 
per  cent,  of  Bi203.  This  compound  is  employed  in  treatment  of  chronic  and  acute 
catarrh  of  the  stomach.  The  dose  is  not  known. 

SALICYLATE.  (Bi  (07H503)3. Bi  (OH)3+3H20).  The  following  process  of  L.  Wol- 
mann  (Apoth.  Ztg.  9.978)  yields  a bismuth  salicylate  of  constant  composition.  Twenty- 
five  parts  of  metallic  bismuth  in  coarse  powder  is  added  in  small  portions  to  125  parts 
of  nitric  acid  (sp.  gr.  1.20),  heated  to  75°  to  90°  C.;  toward  the  end  of  the  operation  the 
temperature  is  increased  to  boiling.  After  standing  several  days,  the  fluid  is  decanted 
and  evaporated  to  low  bulk  and  crystallized.  The  crystals  of  bismuth  nitrate  are 
washed  with  a little  water  containing  nitric  acid,  and,  after  draining.  48. 6 parts  of  the 
crystals  are  dissolved  in  about  200  parts  of  dilute  acetic  acid  and  the  solution  ren- 
dered alkaline  by  the  addition  of  aqua  ammonias.  The  precipitate  is  well  washed  by 
decantation,  until  the  wash  water  ceases  to  give  a blue  color  on  addition  of  a piece  of 
zinc  and  a few  drops  of  iodide  of  starch  solution.  The  precipitate  is  brought  to 
a paste  by  triturating  with  a little  water  in  a mortar,  then  adding  13.8  parts  of  salicylic 
acid  and  heating  on  a water  bath  until  the  blue  white  color  changes  into  that  of  a 
yellow-white.  The  mass  is  then  collected  on  a muslin  strainer,  pressed  and  dried  at  a 
temperature  not  above  75°C.  The  bismuth  salicylate  thus  obtained  is  a white,  inodor- 
ous, tasteless  and  insoluble  powder  containing  64.65  per  cent,  of  Bi203, 

CERIUM-SALICYLATE  forms  an  insoluble,  pink-colored  powder,  being  a valu- 
able remedy  in  the  threatment  of  diseases  of  the  gastric  and  intestinal  mucous  mem- 
branes. Bose  1 to  2 Gm,  (15  to  30  grains). 

SUBGALLATE.  See  Dermatol. 

SULPHITE.  Prepared  bv  interaction  between  solutions  of  sodium  sulphite  an  1 
bismuth  nitrate,  the  latter  being  brought  into  solution  bv  means  of  glycerin  (see  His 
muth  Salts).  Bismuth  sulphite  possesses  an  antiseptic  and  antifermentive  action, 
being  employed  as  such  in  intestinal  disorders.  Dose  same  as  the  subnitrate. 

VALERIAN  ATE.  This  is  made  bv  mixing  32  parts  of  bismuth  subnitrate  made 
into  a thick  paste  with  water,  with  a solution  of  sodium  carbonate  11  parts,  valeric 
acid  9 parts  and  water  30  parts ; this  mixture  is  allowed  to  digest  for  one  hour,  fre- 
quently stirring ; the  undissolved  precipitate  is  collected,  washed  with  cold  water 
and  dried  at  30°  C.  ft  forms  a white  insoluble  powder,  possessing  a stroner  valerian- 
like odor.  Bismuth  valerianate  possesses  the  effect  of  the  bismuth  salts  in  addition  to 
the  anodyne  action  of  the  valeric  acid.  Dose  is  0.05  to  0 25  Gm.  (1  to  4 grains). 
BOLDIN. 

A principle  obtained  from  the  leaves  of  the  Boldoa  chiliensis.  It  is  a white,  amor- 
phous. bitter  powder,  almost  insoluble  in  water,  readily  soluble  in  alcohol,  ether  and 
chloroform.  Employed  as  a tonic,  also  as  hypnotic.  Dose  0.064  Gm.  (1  grain). 


14 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


« 


BORAL. 

Synonym:  Aluminum  Boro-Tartrate. 

Through  the  interaction  between  aqueous  solutions  of  borax  and  aluminum  sul- 
phate, aluminum  borate  is  obtained  according  to  the  following  equation:  3Na2B407-bAI2 
(S04)3  = 3 Va2S04+Al2  (B407)3.  The  resulting  precipitate  is  washed  with  water  till  free 
from  sodium  sulphate,  then  1 part  of  this  aluminum  borate  is  dissolved  by  the  heat  of 
the  water  bath,  in  10  parts  of  water,  by  means  of  l part  of  tartaric  acid  and  evapor- 
ated to  dryness  at  not  above  40°O.  The  resulting  aluminum-boro  tartrate  (Boral)  forms 
a soluble  crystalline  powder,  which  is  recommended  as  an  astringent  antiseptic,  either 
dry  or  in  aqueous  solution. 

BOR-SALICYLATE. 

A soluble  and  harmless  antiseptic  obtained  by  triturating  together  32  parts  of  so- 
dium salicylate  and  25  parts  of  boric  acid  with  a small  amount  of  water  ; the  mass 
soon  becomes  hard,  when  it  is  dried  and  powdered. 

BORO-SALICYLATE  OF  GLYCERIN. 

Boric  and  salicylic  acids,  when  heated  in  the  presence  of  glycerin,  dissolve  in  large 
proportions,  but,  on  cooling,  the  mixture  soon  becomes  turbid,  forming  a thick  and 
granular  mass.  If  this  mixture  be  heated  anew  until  it  boils  and  a small  quantity  oj 
calcined  magnesia  be  then  added,  the  solution  after  cooling  remains  perfectly  limpid. 
The  product  thus  obtained  is  miscible  with  water  in  all  proportions.  This  boro-sali- 
cylate of  glycerine  enables  the  operator  to  obtain  extemporaneously  a solution  con- 
taining equal  parts  of  the  two  acids  at  a degree  of  concentration  impossible  with  any 
other  method.  Moreover,  the  microbicide  and  antiseptic  properties  of  the  salicylic 
and  boric  acids  are  in  nowise  affected  by  their  being  transformed  into  a neutral  or 
basic  salt.  The  following  is  the  formula  : 


Boric  acid  10  Gm. 

Salicylic  acid 10  “ 

Distilled  water 10  ‘k 

Thirty  per  cent.  dist.  glycerin 40  “ 


Heat  the  mass  in  a flask  until  it  boils  and  then  add  1 Gm.  calcined  ma  inesia  ; re- 
duce the  fire  and  evaporate  all  the  water,  obtaining,  after  cooling,  50  Cc.  of  the  gly- 
cerole  or  boro-solicylate,  5 Cc.  of  which  will  contain  exactly  1 Gm.  each  of  salicylic  and 
boric  acids, 

BRASSICON. 

A new  headache  remedy,  a green-colored  mixture,  consisting,  according  to  the 
Siiddeutsche  Apotheker  Zeitung.  of  2 Gm.  oil  of  peppermint,  6 Gm.  camphor,  4 Gm.  ether, 
12  Gm.  alcohol  and  6 drops  of  mustard  oil. 

BROMAL-H  YDRATE.  C Br.  COH+H20. 

Synonym : Tri  Brom- Aldehyde-Hydrate. 

A mixture  of  alcohol  1 part  and  bromine  4 parts  is  heated  to  140° C.,  then  allowed  to 
cool  slowly ; on  standing,  crystals  of  bromalhydrate  separate.  It  forms  colorless  cry- 
stals, soluble  in  water,  melting  at  53.5°C.  (128.3° F.) ; when  heated  to  100°C,  it  is  decom- 
pose d into  bromine  and  water. 

Bromal-hydrate  is  employed  as  a sedative  and  antispasmodic,  its  action  being  the 
same  as  that  of  chloral  hydrate,  being  given,  however,  in  smaller  doses,  [0.1  to  1 Gm. 
(114  to  15  grain;-)  ]. 

BROMALIN.  (C6H12N4,  C2H5Br). 

Synonym : Hexamethylene-Tetramin-Brom-Ethylate. 

This  compound  appears  in  colorless  scales,  or  as  a white  crystalline  powder,  read- 
ily soluble  in  water  It  is  administered  to  women  and  children  in  doses  of  2 to  4 Gm. 
(30  to  6U  grains),  as  a nervine  and  sedative. 

BROMAMIDE.  C6H2Br3.NH2.HBr. 

Synonym : Tri-Brom-Anilin  Hydrobromide. 

Nitrotribrombenzol  is  reduced  by  means  of  nascent  hydrogen,  the  resulting  pro- 
duct being  treated  with  hydrobromic  acid.  This  occurs  in  colorless,  tasteless  crystals, 
melting  at  117° C.  (242.6°F.),  being  employed  as  an  antineuralgic  in  doses  of  0.6  Gm.  (10 
grains). 

BROMOFORM.  C H Br3. 

Synonym : Tri-Brom-Methane. 

This  analogue  of  chloroform  is  prepared  by  the  action  of  sodium  hypobromite  on 
acetone.  It  forms  a clear,  colorless  liquid,  of  chloroformic  odor  and  taste,  its  specific 
gravity  is  2.9  and  boiling-point  152°<J.  (305. 6° F.).  Bromoform  is  only  very  slightly  solu- 
ble in  water,  but  reaiily  in  alcohol.  It  is  employed  in  treatment  of  whooping-cough 
in  daily  doses  of  5 to  20  drops. 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


15 


BROMOL.  C6H2Br3OH. 

Synonyms : Tri-Brom-Phenol ; Bromphenol. 

This  compound  is  obtained  by  pouring  an  aqueous  solution  of  bromine  in  an  aque- 
ous solution  of  phenol,  a white  crystalline  precipitate  resulting.  The  precipitate  i< 
washed  and  crystallized  from  alcohol.  Bromol  forms  colorless  crystals,  which  are 
iusoluble  in  water,  very  soluble  in  alcohol,  fatty  and  volatile  oils.  It  is  employed  ex 
ternally  as  an  antiseptic  in  solution  (1:30  olive  oil),  or  ointment  (1:10).  or  as  a dusting 
powder.  In  the  treatment  of  diphtheria  it  is  used  in  a 1%  glycerin  solution. 

BROMO-PHENOL. 

Synonym : Ortho-Bromo-  Phenol. 

This  is  a dull,  violet-colored  liquid,  having  a phenol-like  odor;  obtained  by  treating 
phenol  with  bromine.  It  is  employed  in  the  form  of  a 1 to  2%  ointment  in  the  treatment 
of  erysipelas. 

BROM-PHENOL.  See  Bromol. 

BURSIC  ACID. 

The  active  principle  of  the  Bursa  pastoris.  Forms  a pale,  yellow,  hygroscopic  mass, 
of  astringent  taste.  Employed  subcutaneously  as  a haemostatic,  being  of  equal  value 
to  ergot. 

BUTYL-CHLORAL-HYDRATE..  C C13-CH2-CH2-C0H-H20. 

Synonym : Croton  Chloral. 

A current  of  chlorine  gas  is  passed  through  paraldehyde  until  saturated, the  resulting 
butyl-chloral  is  purified  by  distillation,  and  brought  in  contact  with  water.  Butyl- 
chloral-hydrate  forms  colorless,  crystalline  scales,  which  melt  at  78°C.,  soluble  in  30 
parts  of  cold  water,  readily  soluble  in  alcohol  and  ether. 

It  is  employed  as  a hypnotic,  ia  doses  of  1 to  1.5  Gm.  (15  to  24  grains). 

BUTYL- HYPNAL.  See  under  Antipyrine. 

BUTYROMEL. 

A mixture  of  2 parts  of  fresh  unsalted  butter  and  1 part  of  honey  ; intended  as  a 
substitute  for  cod  liver-oil. 

BUXINE.  C16H21N03. 

An  alkaloid  from  the  bark  of  Buxus  sempervirens , identical  with  berberine.  Recom- 
mended as  a tonic  and  febrifuge ; in  doses  of  1 to  2 Gm.  (15  to  30  grains). 

CADMIUM  SALICYLATE.  (C6H4  (OH)  C02)2Cd. 

This  salt  is  prepared  by  the  action  of  salicylic  acid  upon  cadmium  hydrate  or  carb- 
onate, or  by  precipitating  barium  salicylate  with  cadmium  sulphate.  When  prepared 
by  the  first  method,  molecular  quantities  of  the  two  substances  are  heated  together 
with  water  until  solution  takes  place,  then  evaporated  to  low  bulk  and  crystallized. 
Thus  obtained  cadmium  salicylate  forms  fine,  white,  tabular  crystals,  which  melt  at 
300° C.  (572° F.)  and  dissolve  in  24  parts  of  water  at  100°C.,  and  63  parts  at  23°C.;  also  sol- 
uble in  alcohol,  ether  and  glycerin.  The  latter  method  of  preparation  yields  an  amor- 
phous powder.  Cadmium  salicylate  possesses  a more  energetic  antiseptic  action  than 
the  other  salts  of  cadmium,  being  recommended  in  treatment  of  purulent  ophthalmia. 

C/ESIUM  BITARTRATE.  Cs2C4U406. 

Forms  colorless  prismatic,  strongly  refractive  crystals  which  are  readily  soluble  in 
water.  This  and  the  corresponding  Rubidium  compound  were  recommended  by 
Schaefer  in  nervous  heart  palpitation,  in  doses  of  0.18  to  0.3  Gm. 

CAFFEINE  SALTS  (DOUBLE  SALTS  AND  DERIVATIVES).  CaH10N4O2A+XH2O- 

Among  the  large  number  of  salts  of  caffeine  that  have  been  introduced,  a very  few 
have  received  attention,  among  the  very  important  of  these  are  the  carbolate , pkthalate 
and  boro-citrate  which  are  readily  soluble,  the  former  two  being  recommended  for  hypo- 
dermic use. 

CAFFEINE  CHLORAL.  C8H10N4O2-C  Cl3COII.  This  is  a combination  of  chloral 
and  caffeine  in  molecular  proportions.  It  is  crystalline  and  soluble  in  water.  Caffeine 
chloral  is  a sedative  and  analgesic.  Dose  0.2  to  0.3  Gm,  (3  to  5 grains). 

CA  FFEINE-  SODIUM  BEVZ  OA  TE.  Is  prepared  by  evaporating  an  aqueous  sol- 
ution of  one  part  of  caffeine  in  one  of  sodium  benzoate  dissolved  in  3 parts  of  water. 
It  forms  white  crystalline  crusts  Owing  to  the  ready  solubility  of  this  and  the  follow- 
ing double  salts,  they  are  especially  suitable  for  subcutaneous  use. 

CAFFEINE - SODIUM  SUL  BIION  A TE.  See  Symphorol. 


16  THE  NEWER  REMEDIES.  6 

_____ * — i 

CAFFEINE- SOBITJM  SALICYLA  TE  and  CAFFEINE  -SODIUM-  CINNAMA  TE 
are  prepared  in  the  same  manner  as  the  above  benzoate,  employing  equal  parts  of  caf- 
feine and  the  respective  organic  sodium  salts. 

CAFFEINE  TRI-IODIDE.  (Di-Iodo-Caffeine-Hydriodide.)  (C8H10N4O2I2HI)2-f 
3H20.  This  is  prepared  by  adding  a solution  of  hydriodic  acid  to  a weak  alcoholic 
solution  of  caffeine.  It  forms  dark- green  prisms  which  are  readily  soluble  in  alcohol . 
Internally  it  acts  like  a weak  preparation  of  iodine,  the  dose  being  0.12  to  0.24  Gm.  (2 
to  4 grains). 

IODO-  CAFFEINE.  Is  prepared  by  passing  sulphuretted  hydrogen  into  a solution 
of  potassium  iodide  and  caffeine.  Iodo-caffeine  forms  colorless  crystals  soluble  in 
water ; unstable,  decomposed  by  hot  water ; it  is  employed  in  cardiac  affections  in 
doses  of  about  0.3  Gm.  (5  grains.) 

IODOL-  CAFFEINE.  C8H10N4O2  C4T4NH.  A crystalline  compound  prepared  by 
the  interaction  of  molecular  quantities  of  iodol  and  caffeine.  It  is  a gray  color,  inodor- 
ous, tasteless  and  practically  insoluble  in  the  ordinary  solvents.  Iodol-caffein^  is  em- 
ployed as  an  antiseptic  like  iodol,  of  which  it  contains  75$. 

IODO  - THEOBROMINE.  Is  prepared  in  like  manner  to  the  above  caffeine  com- 
pound, the  medicinal  properties  and  dose  being  the  same. 

ETHOXY  CAFFEINE.  C8H9N402  (OC2H5).  Is  prepared  by  boiling  monobrom- 
caffeine  with  caustic  potash.  It  forms  crystalline  needles  which  are  less  soluble  in 
water  than  caffeine,  melting  at  138° C.  (280.4°F.j  Ethoxy-caffeine  has  a similar  action 
to  caffeine,  being  also  narcotic.  Dose  is  about  0.2  Gm.  (3  grains). 

CAJUPUTOL.  See  Eucalyptol. 

CALCIUM  BORATE. 

Obtained  by  interaction  between  aqueous  solutions  of  borax  and  calcium  chloride. 
■Recommended  as  an  antiseptic  dusting-powder  in  treatment  of  moist  eczema,  burns, 
etc.  likewise  internally  in  doses  of  0.2  to0.4Gm.  (3  to  6 grains)  for  diarrhoea  of  children . 

CALCIUM  SALICYLATE.  [ C6H4  <^0]2Ca+2H20 

Salicylic  acid  is  neutralized  with  an  equivalent  amount  of  calcium  carbonate  (free 
from  iron)  in  the  presence  of  hot  water,  the  filtered  solution  is  then  evaporated  and 
crystallized.  Calcium  salicylate  forms  a white, crystalline  powier,  inodorous  and  taste- 
less, almost  insoluble  in  cold  water. 

It  is  employed  in  the  diarrhoea  of  children  in  gastro-enteritis,  the  dose  being  0.5  to 
1.5  Gm.  (8  to  24  grains). 

CALOLACTOSE. 

An  intestinal  disinfectant,  said  to  consist  of  a mixture  of  calomel  (1),  bismuth  sub- 
nitrate (1),  and  lactose  (8). 

CAMPHOID. 

This  is  prepared  by  dissolving  pyroxylon,  1 part,  in  a solution  of  20  parts  of  cam- 
phor in  alcohol.  It  constitutes  a thick,  colorless  fluid,  which,  because  of  its  rapidity 
in  drying,  leaving  a thin  film  when  applied  to  the  skin,  serves  as  an  excellent  vehicle 
for  iodoform,  chrysarobin,  etc. 

CAMPHOPYRAZOLON.  C17R20N2O. 

This  is  a compound  of  phenyl-hydrazine  and  campho-carboxylic  acid.  It  oecui  s 
in  fine  crystalline  needles,  melting  at  132°  C.  (269.6°  F.),  insoluble  in  water  and  ether, 
soluble  in  alcohol.  Camp'no-pyrazolon  is  proposed  as  a substitute  for  camphor. 

CAMPHOR,  NAPHTHOL.  See  Beta-Naphthol  Camphor. 

CAMPHOR,  PHENYLATED.  See  Phenol  Camphor. 

CAMPHOR  SALICYLATE. 

This  is  prepared  by  fusing  together  84p.  of  camphor  and  65p.  of  salicylic  acid, 
which  solidifies  to  a crystalline  mass.  It  may  be  obtained  in  well  formed  crystals  by 
recrystallization  from  benzol.  Soluble  1 in  20  in  the  fatty  oils  ; almost  insoluble  in 
water  and  glycerin.  Employed  externally  in  ointment  form  as  an  application  in 
lupus  and  various  skin  diseases,  internally  in  treatment  of  certain  diarrhceal  com- 
plaints. Dose  0.05  to  0.25  Gm.  (4-5  to  3.8  grains). 

CAMPHOR,  SALOL.  See  under  Salol. 

CAMPHORIC  ACID.  C8H14(COOH)2. 

This  is  a dibasic  acid  obtained  by  the  action  of  hot  nitric  acid  on  camphor.  It 
forms  white,  scaly  crystals,  odorless,  melting  at  186.5°  C (368°F.)  It  is  soluble  in  200 
parts  of  cold  and  10  parts  of  boiling  water ; very  soluble  in  alcohol. 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


17 


It  is  employed  in  treatment  of  night  sweats  of  consumptives,  likewise  in  acute  and 
chronic  diseases  of  the  respiratory  tract.  The  dose  is  from  1 to  1.5  Gm.  (15  to  24 
grains).  When  applied  topically  it  is  used  in  a solution  of  from  1 to  4#  strength. 

CANNABIN. 

An  alkaloid  isolated  from  Cannabis  Sativa , or  Indian  Hemp.  Cannabin  forms  a 
brown,  syrupy  liquid,  which  is  employed  as  a hypnotic,  the  dose  being  0.06  to  0.3  Gm. 
(1  to  5 grains). 

CANNABIN  T ANN  ATE  forms  a yellowish-gray  colored  powder  of  bitter  and 
slightly  astringent  taste,  only  slightly  soluble  in  water,  alcohol  and  ether,  very  soluble 
in  acidulated  water.  It  is  employed  as  a hypnotic  in  nervous  sleeplessness,  the  dose 
being  0.25  to  1 Gm.  (3  to  15  grains). 

CANNABINON. 

A resinous  body  obtained  from  the  flowering  tops  of  the  Cannabis  Sativa.  Canna- 
binon  appears  in  form  of  a dark-brown,  soft  resin,  insoluble  in  water ; soluble  in  alco- 
hol. ether,  chloroform,  fatty  and  volatile  oils.  Recommended  as  a sedative  and  hyp- 
notic, in  doses  of  0.03  to  0.1  Gm.  04  to  1)4  grains). 

CANNONIN.  # 

A proprietary  disinfectant. 

CANTHARIDIN.  C10H12O4. 

The  active  vesicating  principle  obtained  from  the  Cantharis  vesicatoria  and  other 
members  of  the  family  of  Coleoptera.  Cantharidin  forms  colorless  crystals,  which  are 
insoluble  in  water,  but  very  soluble  in  chloroform  ; it  dissolves  quite  readily  in  ether 
and  the  fatty  oils,  with  caustic  alkalies  it  forms  salts  soluble  in  water.  This  principle 
is  frequently  employed  in  place  of  cantharides.  The  salts,  or  cantharidates,  are  em 
ployed  hypodermically  in  treatment  of  tuberculosis,  0.2  Gm.  of  cantharidin  and  0.4 
Gm.  of  potassium  hydrate  being  dissolved  in  1.000  Cc,  of  distilled  water  ; of  this  solu- 
tion 0.2  to  0.4  Cc.  0.0001  to  0.0002  Gm.)  being  employed  for  a subcutaneous  injection. 

CAPITCURA. 

A proprietary  antipyretic  and  analgesic. 

CARDINE. 

A clear  yellow,  fluid,  prepared  by  digesting  the  finely  chopped  hearts  of  sheep  with 
an  equal  quantity  of  glycerin  and  boric  acid  solution  in  a well- closed  vessel,  and  subse- 
quently filtering.  Employed  subcutaneously  in  3 to  5 Cc.  doses  as  a heart  tonic  and  di- 
uretic. 

CARDOL. 

A blistering  oil  obtained  from  the  pericarps  of  the  Anacardium  occidental  by  ex- 
traction with  ether.  Employed  externally  as  a vesicant. 

CARNIFERRIN. 

This  is  a meat  preparation,  of  German  production,  being  a combination  of  the 
phosphoric  acid  of  the  body  with  30#  of  iron.  It  is  given  in  3 to  5 grain  doses  for  child- 
ren and  8 grains  for  adults.  It  is  readily  absorbed  and  tasteless,  and  mixe3  well  with 
acid  or  alkaline  solutions. 

CARNOLIN. 

An  aqueous  solution  containing  1.5#  of  formaldehyde  ; specific  gravity  1.0035- 
Recommended  as  a harmless  disinfectant  and  preservative  for  food. 

CARPAIN.  C14H27N02. 

An  alkaloid  obtained  from  the  leaves  of  Carica  papaya.  Carpain  forms  handsome 
colorless  crystals  of  a bitter  taste,  melting  at  121°  C.  (249.8°  F.) ; it  readily  unites  with 
acias,  forming  crystalline  salts. 

This  alkaloid  is  employed  as  a substitute  for  digitalis,  being  given  in  doses,  hypo- 
dermically, of  0.006  to  0.01  Gm.  (1-10  to  1-6  grain). 

CARVACROL.  C13H13OH. 

A phenol  found  in  the  essential  oil  of  Origanum  species.  It  forms  a thick  fluid, 
which  boils  at  235°C.  Carvacrol  possesses  powerful  antiseptic  properties. 


18 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


CARVACROL  IODIDE.  C13H13OI. 

This  is  prepared  analogous  to  aristol,  by  the  action  of  iodine  upon  an  alkaline  solu* 
tion  of  carvacrol.  It  constitutes  a brown-colored  powder,  which  becomes  soft  at  50°C. 
(122°F),  melting  at  90°C.  (194°  F.)  to  a brown  fluid.  It  is  insoluble  in  water,  slightly  sol- 
uble in  alcohol,  readily  in  ether,  chloroform  and  olive  oil. 

Carvacrol  iodide  is  employed  as  a substitute  for  iodoform. 


CETRARIN.  C18H1608. 

A bitter  principle  obtained  from  Iceland  moss,  ( Cetraria  Islandica).  It  forms  color- 
less crystals  of  a bitter  taste,  difficultly  soluble  in  cold,  but  very  soluble  in  hot  alcohol. 

Cetrarin  increases  peristalsis,  likewise  the  secretion  of  saliva,  bile  and  pancreatic 
juice.  Internal  dose  is  0.1  to  0.2  Gm.  (1.5  to  3 grains). 


CHEMIA. 

A proprietary  antiseptic. 

CHINASEPTOL.  See  under  Chinoline. 

CHININUM  BIMURIATICUM  CAR  BA  Ml  DATUM.  See  Quinine  Dihydrochloride- 

[Carbamate. 

CHINOLINE.  C9H7N. 

A tertiary  amine,  obtained  by  the  distillation  of  quinine  or  cinchonine  with  po 
tassium hydrate,  or,  as  synthesized  by  Skraup,  by  heatinar  a mixture  of  nitrobenzol.  an- 
iline, glycerin  and  sulphuric  acid.  Pure  chinoline  is  a yellowish-colored  liquid,  of  arom- 
atic odor,  its  specific  gravity  being  1.084;  boiling  at  237°  '.  (458. 6° F.).  It  is  almost 
insoluble  in  water,  very  soluble  in  alcohol  and  ether.  Chinoline  is  antiseptic,  antizy- 
motic  and  antipyretic ; being  employed  chiefly  as  a tooth-  and  mouth-wash  (0.2$). 


DERIVATIVES. 

Chinoline  unites  readily  with  the  acids  forming  soluble  crystalline  salts. 

CHINOLINE  SALIC YL A TE.  C9H7N  C7H603.  A white  crystalline  powder,  solu- 
ble in  80  parts  of  water,  very  soluble  iu  alcohol,  etner.  glycerin  and  the  oils.  Antifeb 
rile  and  anti>eptic  in  doses  of  0.5  to  1 Gm.  (8  to  15  grains), 

CHINOLINE  TARTRATE.  (C9H7N)3  (C4H606)4.  Occurs  in  colorless,  rhombic 
crystals,  soluble  in  80  parts  of  cold  water,  less  so  in  hot  water,  soluble  in  150  parts  of 
alcohol.  Its  properties  and  doses  are  similar  to  the  above. 

A CETO-  OR  TH O-AMID  0-  CHIN OLINE  C9H6N  (NHCH3CO).  This  preparation 
is  an  analogue  of  acetanilid,  in  which  chinolin  replaces  phenyl.  It  forms  colorless 
crystals,  which  melt  at  102  5°0.  It  possesses  antipyretic  properties 

D l A PH THERIN  ( OXY-  CHFN-A SEP T OL) . H0.C9H6N-HS03  C6H4OH-C9H6N.OH. 
This  is  a compound  of  one  molecule  of  oxyehinolin  with  one  molecule  of  phenolsul- 
phonate  of  oxyehinolin.  It  forms  clear,  yellow  crystals,  soluble  in  water  and  melting 
at  85° C.  (185°  F.).  Diaphtherin  possesses  antiseptic  properties  equal  to  those  of  carbolic 
acid,  as  also  the  advantages  of  solubility  and  of  being  non-poisonous.  It  is  employed 
in  to  1%  solution.  The  solution  readily  attacks  surgical  instruments. 

DIAPHTOL  ( CHINASEPTOL)  C9H5  (OH)  (SOsH)  N.  This  is  an  ortho-oxychiDo- 
line-meta-sulphonic  acid,  bearing  the  same  relation  to  chinoline  as  phenol-sulphonic 
acid  does  to  benzol.  It  forms  yellowish-colored  crystals  which  are  only  slightly  sol- 
uble in  cold  water,  melting  at295°C.  (56>>°F.).  Its  aqueous  solution,  like  that  of  diaph- 
therin, gives  a green  color  with  ferric  chloride.  The  properties  of  diaphtol  are  similar 
to  those  of  diaphtherin 

KAIRIN.  C9H10  (C2H5)  NO.HC1.  Synonyms:  Ethyl  Kairin  ; Kairin  A ; Oxy-Chino' 
line-Ethylliydride.  This  is  a derivative  of  chinoline;  its  method  of  preparation  is 
complicated.  Kairin  was  the  first  synthetical  substitute  for  quinine.  It  was  recom- 
mended as  an  antipyretic  in  doses  of  0.5  to  1 Gm.  (8  to  15  grains). 

KAIROLIN.  C9H10  (C2H5)  N.H2S04.  Synonyms:  Kairolin  A and  M ; Chinolin- 
ethylhydride  (A);  Chinolinmethylhydride  (M).  Kairin  M,  is  the  hydrochloride  of  #-oxy- 
chinolin-methyltetrahydride,  while  kairolin  A and  M are  the  acid  sulphates  of  eth- 1- 
chinoline-vetrahydride  and  methyl-chinoline-tetrahydride,  respectively.  These 
remedies  are  not  employed  since  the  discovery  of  other  antipyretics. 

LORETIN.  This  is  a meta-iodo-ortho-oxychinoline-ana-sulphonic  acid,  (C9H4I- 
OH-S03H-N)  a powerful  antiseptic  discovered  by  Claus.  It  forms  a yellow,  inodorous, 
crystalline  powder,  which  is  only  very  slightly  soluble  in  water  (1:1000).  insoluble  in 
ether  and  the  • ils,  melting  at  about  270°n.  (518°F.).  Loretin  forms  a valuable  substitute 
for  iodoform,  having  the  advantage  of  being  free  from  odor  and  toxic  effect.  It  is  em- 
ployed as  a dusting  powder,  either  alone  or  diluted ; in  5 to  10%  ointments  and  0.1  to  0.2% 
aqueous  solutions. 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


19 


CHLORALAMID.  CC13CH.0H.  NIJ.COH. 

Synonym, : Chloral-Formamide. 

This  is  prepared  by  interaction  between  chloral  (CCl3COH)  and  formamide 
(HCONH2).  Chloralamid  forms  colorless  crystals,  which  melt  at  115°  C.  (239°  F.),  solu- 
ble in  20  parts  of  cold  water  and  about  of  alcohol  ; it  should  not  be  heated  with 
water. 

It  is  employed  as  a substitute  for  chloral  hydrate,  in  doses  of  1 to  3 Gm.  (15  to  45 
grains). 

CHLORAL-AMMONIUM.  CC13CH.0H.NH2. 

This  should  not  be  confused  with  Chloral  amid.  Chloral-ammonium  is  obtained 
by  passing  a current  of  dry  ammonia  gas  into  a solution  of  chloral  in  chloroform.  It 
forms  colorless  needles,  which  melt  at  34°  C.  (183.2°  F.),  almost  insoluble  in  water  ; 
when  boiled  with  water  it  is  decomposed  into  chloroform  and  ammonium  formate. 

It  is  used  as  a hypnotic  and  analgesic,  in  doses  of  from  1 to  2 Gm.  (15  to  30  grains). 

CHLORAL! MID.  CC13CH-NH. 

This  body  is  obtained  by  heating  chloral  ammonium.  Chloralimid  is  a crystalline 
powder,  which  is  almost  insoluble  in  water,  easily  in  alcohol ; mineral  acids  decom- 
pose it  into  chloroform  and  ammonia  salt.  Its  properties  are  those  of  a hypnotic,  in 
doses  of  1 to  4 Gm.  U5  to  60  grains). 

CH LORAL-ANTI  PYRI N E (Monochlor-Antipyrine).  See  under  Antipyrine. 

CHLORAL-CAFFEINE. 

A combination  of  chloral  and  caffeine  in  aqueous  or  alcoholic  solution,  prepared 
by  a patented  process,  possessing  (oyer  caffeine)  the  advantage  of  ready  solubility. 

CHLORAL  FOR  MAM  IDE.  See  Chloralamid. 

CHLORALOSE.  C8HUC1306. 

Synonym:  Anhydrogluco-Chloral. 

This  is  a compound  of  chloral  with  grape  sugar.  Chloralose  forms  fine  colorless 
needles,  which  melt  at  184°  to  18^°  C.  (363.2°  to  366.8°  F.),  soluble  in  170  parts  of  cold 
water,  readily  so  in  alcohol.  It  is  employed  as  a hypnotic  (substitute  for  chloral),  in 
doses  of  0.2  to  0.5  Gm  (3  to  8 grains). 

CHLORALOXIMES. 

These  are  a class  of  bodies  which  consist  of  compounds  of  chloral  with  various 
oximes.  Among  the  more  important  of  these  are  chloralacetoxime.  chloral  camphor- 
oxime,  chloral  acetaldoxime . chloral  benzaldoxime , chloral  nitroso-beta-naphthol.  etc.  These 
compounds  are  soluble  in  alcohol  and  decomposed  by  heating  with  water.  They  are 
intended  as  hypnotics,  the  dosage  having  not  been  determined. 

CHLORAL  URETHANE.  See  Uralium. 

CHLOR-METHYL.  See  Methyl  Chloride. 

CH  LORO  10  DO  LI  POL. 

A chlorine  substitution  product  of  phenol,  creosote  and  guaiacol,  recommended 
for  inhalation  in  treatment  of  chronic  diseases  of  the  air  passages. 

CHLOROLIN. 

An  antiseptic  solution  containing  chiefly  mono-  and  tri-chlor-phenol.  It  is  recom- 
mended as  an  effectual  disinfectant  for  cesspools,  closets,  hospitals,  etc.  As  an  anti 
septic  wash  in  surgical  operations  a 2 to  3%  solution  is  strong  enough.  An  antiseptic 
soap  is  also  prepared  from  it. 

. Cl, 

CH  LORO-PHENOL.  (Tri-Chlor-Phenol).  C6H2  < 

OH 

This  is  a derivative  of  carbolic  acid,  in  which  three  atoms  of  hydrogen  are  re- 
placed bv  chlorine  ; it  occurs  in  the  form  of  colorless,  needle-like  crystals,  with  an 
odor  of  phenol.  This  is  employed  as  a 1 to  2%  ointment  in  treatment  of  erysipelas. 

.Cl  (1) 

CHLORPHENOL.  CeII4  < 

OH  (2) 

Synonyms : Monochlorphenol ; Ortho-Mono-Chlor-Phenol. 

The  preparation  employed  under  this  name  consists  of  a mixture  of  ortlio-mono- 
chlorphenol  (7  pt. ) and  alcohol,  eugenol  and  menthol  (together  3 pt.)  This  liquid  is 
employed  in  diseases  of  the  respiratory  organs,  from  16  to  3<»  drops  being  inhaled 
daily. 


20 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


# 


. Cl  (3). 

PARA-MONO  CHL  OR  PHENOL.  C «H4  < 

OH  (2). 

This  is  a crystalline  body  resulting  from  the  chlorination  of  phenol,  possessing 
greater  antiseptic  power  than  the  other  two  isomers.  It  melts  at  37°C.  (98.6°F,),  is 
readily  soluble  in  alcohol,  but  sparingly  in  water ; it  is  employed  as  a 1 to  2%  ointment 
in  treatment  of  erysipelas. 

CHLORSALOL.  C6H4  (OH)  CO.OC6H4Cl. 

Synonyms:  Chlorphenol  Salicylate ; Salicylic-Chlorphenol-Ester. 

This  is  prepared  by  the  action  of  phosphorus  penta-chloride  on  a mixture  of  ortho- 
and  para-chlorphenol.  Chlorsalol,  that  is  the  ortho-phenyl-ester,  forms  colorless  crys 
tals  which  melt  at  55°C.  (131°F.),  while  those  of  the  para-phenyl-ester  melt  at  72°C. 
(161.6° F.).  Both  are  insoluble  in  water  and  soluble  in  alcohol.  Chlorsalol  is  employed 
as  a substitute  for  salol,  being  more  energetic  in  its  action. 

CHLORYL. 

This  name  has  been  applied  to  a mixture  of  methyl  and  ethyl  chlorides.  It  is  a 
liquid  at  0°C.;  employed  as  an  anaesthetic,  being  milder  in  effect  than  ethyl  chloride. 

CHROMOSOT. 

Said  to  consist  chiefly  of  sodium  sulphite  and  sulphate.  Used  as  a disinfectant. 
CHRYSAROBIN.  C30H26O7. 

A principle  obtained  from  Goa  powder,  which  is  a concretion  found  in  the  stem  and 
branches  of  the  Andira  Araroba.  It  is  a light  yellow,  crystalline  powder,  very  slightly 
soluble  in  water,  slightly  soluble  in  alcohol,  ether  and  chloroform,  freely  soluble  in 
alkalies.  By  oxidation,  chrysarobin  is  converted  into  chrysophanic  acid.  it  is  em- 
ployed chiefly  in  treatment  of  various  skin  diseases,  in  ointment  of  1U#  strength. 

CINCHONIN-HERAPATHlT.  See  Antiseptol. 

CINCHONIN-IODOSULPHATE.  See  Antiseptol. 

C I N EO  L.  See  Eucalyptol. 

CINNAMIC  ACID.  C6H5CH=CH.COOH. 

Synonyms:  Acid  Cinnamylic  ; Beta-Phenylacrylic  Acid. 

This  occurs  naturally  in  Peru  and  Tolu  balsams ; it  is  obtained  synthetically  by 
heating  benzaldehyde  and  acetyl-chlorid  together  under  pressure.  It  forms  colorless 
to  yellowish,  glossy  plates,  of  melting  point  133°C.  (271.4*  F.).  Insoluble  in  cold,  but 
quite  soluble  in  boiling  water. 

It  is  employed,  in  form  of  an  emulsion  or  alcoholic  solution,  as  hypodermic  injec- 
tion in  the  treatment  of  tubercular  affections. 


Ifx  Acid  cinnamylic 5.0 

Ol.  Amyerdal.  dulc 10.0 

Vitelli  Ovi No.l. 

Solut.  Natrii  chlorati  (0.7$) q.  s. 

Misce  ut  fiat  emulsio. 

D.  S.  Injection  0.1  to  1 cc. 


CINNAMYL-EUGENOL.  See  under  Eugenol. 

CINNAMYL-GUAIACOL.  See  under  Guaiacol. 

COCAINE  SALTS.  C17H21N04A. 

Only  the  more  important  of  the  new  combinations  will  be  given.  The  doses  are 
essentially  the  same  as  in  the  hydrochlorate. 

COCAINE  BORA TE.  Is  employed  for  subcutaneous  injections  and  eye  douches. 
It  is  preferable  to  all  other  salts  of  cocaine  because  of  the  stability  of  its  aqueous  solu- 
tions and  the  indifference  of  the  boric  acid. 

COCAINE  LACTATE.  Is  a soft  mass,  readily  soluble  in  water  ; it  is  of  value  in 
treatment  of  cystitis. 

COCAINE  NITRATE.  Is  employed  in  combination  with  silver  nitrate  in  treat- 
ment of  diseases  of  the  genito-urinary  tract. 

COCAINE  PHENA  TE  or  C ARB  OLA  TE , Forms  a soft  mass,  insoluble  in  water1 
very  soluble  in  alcohol.  This  salt  is  employed  subcutaneously  as  a local  anaesthetic, 
also  as  a local  application  ; stronger  solutions  are  required  to  produce  the  same  degree 
of  anaesthesia  as  with  the  hydrochlorate. 

COCAINE  SAC  CHAR  ATE.  Forms  hydroscopic,  crystalline  plates.  A 5%  solu- 
tion of  this  salt  corresponds  to  a 4%  solution  of  the  hydrochlorate.  Because  of  its 
sweet  taste  it  is  preferred  for  throat  applications. 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


21 


CODEINE  PHOSPHATE.  C18H21N03.H3P04+3H2Q. 

This  salt  occurs  in  fine  colorless  needles,  a bitter  taste,  is  readily  soluble  in  water 
and  sparingly  in  alcohol.  Codeine  phosphate  is  adapted  as  a substitute  for  morphine 
for  administration  to  children,  also  employed  in  most  affections  of  the  respiratory  or- 
gans. etc.  Dose  0.025  to  0.05  Gm,  (1-3  to  % grains). 

CODOL.  See  Retinol. 

COLCHICEIN.  C21H22(0H)N05~H4  Aq. 

When  colchicin  is  boiled  with  dilute  sulphuric  acid  it  is  converted  into  colchicein 
and  methyl  alcohol.  Colchicein  forms  white  crystals,  which  are  soluble  in  water  and 
alcohol.  It  should  be  dispensed  with  caution,  the  dose  being  0.001  Gm.  (1-64  grain) 
subcutaneously. 

COLCHICINE.  C22H25N06. 

An  alkaloid  obtained  from  the  Colchicmn  autumnale.  Colchi : ine  forms  a yellow- 
ish white  amorphous  powder  which  is  readily  soluble  in  water  and  alcohol ; melts  at 
145°  C.  (293°  F.)  It  is  employed  in  treatment  of  rheumatism,  sciatica,  etc.,  in  doses  of 
0.001  Gm.  (1-64  grain.) 

CONIINE  HYDRO  BROMIDE.  C8H17N.HBr. 

This  is  the  hydrobromate  of  the  liquid  alkaloid  Coniine,  which  is  obtained  from 
the  seeds  of  the  Conium  maculatum.  It  forms  colorless  crystals,  which  are  soluble  in 
water.  Employed  in  the  treatment  of  cardiac  asthma  in  doses  of  0.003  to  0.005  Gm. 
(L-20  to  1-12  grain). 

CONVALLAMARIN.  C23U44012. 

A glucoside  obtained  from  roots  of  the  Convallaria  majalis.  It  is  a white  powder, 
very  bitter,  soluble  in  water  and  alcohol.  Employed  as  a cardiac  stimulant  in  doses  of 
0.05  Gm.  04  grain). 

CONVOLVULIN. 

A glucoside  obtained  from  the  root  of  Ipomaza  purga  and  othei  plants  of  the  same 
genus.  An  amorphous  mass,  insoluble  in  water,  readily  so  in  alcohol  and  acetic  acid. 
Convolvulin  is  a powerful  purgative ; dose  0.06  to  0.13  Gm,  (1  to  2 grains). 

CORNUTIN. 

One  of  the  active  principles  of  ergot.  A reddish  to  yellowish-colored  powder  which 
readily  forms  salts  with  acids.  It  is  recommended  to  relieve  haemorrhage  arising  from 
abortion,  also  to  increase  the  vigor  of  labor  pains.  The  dose  is  0.005  Gm.  (1-12  grain). 

CORONILLIN. 

A glucoside  obtained  from  the  seeds  of  Coronilla  scorpioides  ; forms  a pale  yellow, 
bitter  powder,  soluble  in  water  and  alcohol,  almost  insoluble  in  ether.  Strengthens  the 
action  of  the  pulse  and  increases  diuresis.  Dose  0.06  to  0.13  Gm.  (1  to  2 grains). 

COTOIN.  C22H1806. 

A neutral  principle  obtained  from  the  coto  bark.  It  forms  an  amorphous  or  crys- 
talline powder,  which  melts  at  130°C.  (266°  F.).  slightly  soluble  in  water,  freely  soluble 
in  alcohol  and  ether.  Cotoin  is  employed  in  treatment  of  cholera,  it  is  also  said  to 
relieve  night  sweats.  The  dose  is  0.03  to  0.3  Gm.  (J4  to  5 grains). 

COU MARIN.  See  Cumarin. 

CREOLIN.  See  under  Cresol. 

C R EOSO  L.  C6H3CH3  (OH)  (O.CH3), 

Synonyms : Homo-Pyrocatechin-Methyl  Ether  ; Homoguaiacol. 

This  occurs,  along  with  guaiacol,  as  a constituent  of  beech- wood  tar  creosote.  It 
is  an  oily -like  liquid,  of  aromatic  odor,  boiling  at220°C.  (428°F),  only  slightly  soluble  in 
water.  Recommended  as  an  antiseptic. 

CREOSOTE  CARBONATE.  See  under  Guaiacol. 

.CH3 

CREOSOTIC  ACID.  C.H3  <OlI 

coon 

Synonyms:  Cresotinic  Acid;  Oxytoluic  Acid;  Homosalicylic  Acid. 

This  may  exist  as  an  ortho,  meta,  or  para  modification,  hence  is  frequently  desig- 
nated in  the  plural,  as  creosotic  acids.  These  bear  the  same  relation  to  toluene  (OtfH6CH3) 
that  salicylic  acid  bears  to  benzene  (C«H«),  being  then  hydroxytoluic  acid.  They  are 
prepared  from  the  sodium  cresylates  by  a process  (Kolbe’s)  analogous  to  that  used  in 
the  manufacture  of  salicylic  acid.  The  para  compound,  which  crystallizes  in  white 
needles  melting  at  151°C.  (303.8°F.),  is  the  only  one  that  is  employed  in  medicine,  in 
the  form  of  a sodium  salt. 


22 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


* 


CREOSOTOL.  See  under  Guaiacol. 

CRESALOLS.  C6H4  (OH)  C02C6H4.CII3. 

Synonyms:  Cresol  Salicylates;  Cresol  Salols. 

Ortho  , meta-,  and  para-cresalol  are  the  salicylic  esters  of  the  cresols.  analogous  to 
betol  and  salol,  and  prepared  in  a similar  manner.  A mixture  of  sodium  salicylate 
and  cresylate,  in  molecular  proportions,  is  heated  with  phosphorus  oxychloride;  either 
ortho,  meta,  or  para  cresalol  is  obtained  according:  to  the  sodium  salt  used.  These 
three  isomeric  cresalols  form  bulky,  white,  crystalline  powders,  insoluble  in  water, 
soluble  in  alcohol  and  ether,  and  sparingly  so  in  oils.  The  ortho-cresalol  melts  at  35° 
C.  (95°  F.),  the  meta-cresalol  at  74°  C.  (165.2°  F.),  and  the  para-cresalol  at  39°  C. 
(102.2°  F.) 

Externally  the  cresalols  are  recommended  as  antiseptic  dusting-powders,  also  in- 
ternally as  a substitute  for  salol,  being  split  up  in  the  system  into  cresol  and  salicylic 

CRESOL  SALICYLATE.  See  Cresalols. 
acid. 

CRESOL  SALOLS.  See  Cresalols. 

CRESOL, or  THE  CRESOLS.  C6H, 

Synonyms:  Cresylic  Acid;  Meta-Cresol;  Kresol;  Meta-Phenol. 

The  Cresols,  of  which  three  isomerides  exist  (ortho-meta-para)  are  homologues  of 
phenol  and  derivatives  of  toluene.  They  are  obtained  by  the  fractional  distillation  of 
that  portion  of  coal-tar  oil  which  comes  over  between  19U°— 210°  C.  The  three  isomer- 
ides are  exceedingly  difficult  to  separate;  of  these  the  meta-cresol  is  the  most  power- 
ful antiseptic.  All  the  cresols  possess  a creosote-like  odor,  their  antiseptic  properties 
are  superior  to  those  of  carbolic  acid  and  they  are  far  less  poisonous.  The  only  hin- 
drance to  their  general  employment  is  their  insolubility  in  water.  During  the  past  few 
years  various  soluble  preparations  introduced  have  again  brought  them  into  notice;  in 
these,  the  cresol  (o-m-p)  is  rendered  soluble  by  the  addition  of  soap  ( Sapocarbol . Lysol , 
Creolin , Phenol  in , Sapocresol%  etc.),  or  an  alkali  forming  soluble  cresylates  ( Solveol. 
Solutol ) or  by  conversion  into  soluble  sulphonic  acid  derivatives  ( Artmann's  Creolin). 

PREPARATIONS. 

The  following  are  preparations  of  Cresol  which  have  been  introduced  as  antiseptics 
in  surgery. 

A N TINONNIN  is  a preparation  of  ortho-dinitro-cresol  potassium,  appearing  in  trade 
in  the  form  of  a soap.  It  is  employed  in  a 1 part  to  100U  solution  for  thedestruetion  of 
insects  and  fungi. 

BENZ 0 YL-PARA- CRESOL.  (Para-Cresol  Benzoate)  C6H*nOO  C6H4  (CH3),  is  pre 
pared  by  the  reaction  of  phosphorus  oxychloride  on  a mixture  of  benzoic  acid  and  para- 
cresol.  It  forms  a crystalline  compound  which  melts  at  70°  C.  (158°  F.),  insoluble  in 
water,  readily  soluble  in  alcohol  and  ether.  It  is  used  as  an  antiseptic. 

CBEOLIN.  This  is  sai  l to  be  an  emulsion  of  cresol  obtained  by  means  of  resin  soap. 
It  consists  of  a brownish-black,  syrupy  liquid,  which,  when  mixed  with  water,  forms 
a more  or  less  turbid  mixture;  with  alcohol,  ether  or  chloroform,  it  forms  a clear 
solution.  Creolin  is  employed  in  the  pure  condition,  as  a 1 to  2#  solution  ; in  oint- 
ments, dusting-powder  or  dressings,  10# ; internally,  it  is  administered  in  capsules 
containing  5 minims. 

IZAL.  According  to  Squibb,  this  consists  of  an  emulsion  containing  about  30#  of 
a new  oil  produced  by  a patent  process  employed  in  the  manufacture  of  a special  form 
of  coke.  It  is  claimed  that  its  antiseptic  power  is  greater  than  that  of  carbolic  acid, 
while  it  is  practically  non-poisonous. 

KRESIN.  This  is  a clear  brown  liquid  containing  25#  of  cresol  and  25#  of  cres-oxy- 
acetate.  It  is  miscible  in  all  proportions  with  water. 

LYSOL , The  fraction  of  coal-tar  oil  which  boils  between  190°  to  200°  C.,is  dissolv- 
ed iu  fat  and  subsequently  saponified,  with  the  addition  of  alcohol.  It  forms  a clear 
brown  syrupy  liquid,  containing  5 # of  the  cresols  ; it  is  miscible  with  water,  forming 
a clear,  saponaceous  frothing  liquid.  With  all  other  solvents  it  is  miscible  in  all  pro- 
tions.  Experiments  have  shown  lvsol  to  be  five  times  stronger  than  carbolic  acid  in 
antiseptic  power.  The  strength  of  the  solution  employed  is  usually  0.3, 1 or  2#. 

PARACRESOL  is  a patented  disinfectant,  which  is  said  to  mix  with  water  in  every 
proportion,  yielding  a neutral  and  almost  odorless  solution. 

PHENOSALYL.  This  is  a solution  of  carbolic,  salicylic  and  benzoic  acids, 
(which  have  been  fused  together),  in  lactic  acid.  It  forms  a thick  syrupy  liquid,  which 
is  soluble  in  cold  water  to  the  extent  of  7#,  readily  in  warm  water,  also  in  alcohol  and 
ether.  In  antiseptic  power  it  is  superior  to  carbolic  acid,  being  at  the  same  time  less 
toxic.  It  is  employed  in  1 to  2#  aqueous  solutions. 

PIXOL  and  RESOL  are  solutions  of  wood  tar  in  soap. 

SANATOL  is  a solution  of  crude  cresol  in  sulphuric  acid. 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


23 


SAPOGARBOL , KRESAPOL  and  PHENOLIN  are  solutions  of  crude  cresols  in 
soap  (potassium). 

SAPROL  is  a dark  brown,  oily  substance,  consisting  of  a mixture  of  the  crude 
cresols  in  an  excess  of  hydrocarbons,  obtained  from  the  refining  of  petroleum.  A 
drawback  to  its  use  is  its  inflammability,  also  that  it  does  not  mix  with  water. 

SOLUTOL  This  is  an  alkaline  solution  of  sodium  cresol  in  an  excess  of  cresol.  It 
is  not  suited  for  surgical  dressings  or  like  uses,  because  of  its  caustic  alkalinity.  It  is 
a valuable  disinfectant  for  use  in  the  household  and  hospital,  effectually  disinfecting 
water  closets,  sinks,  cess  pools,  etc. 

SOLVEOL  is  a solution  of  cresol  in  sodium  cresotate;  it  forms  auseful  disinfectant 
analogous  to  < Jreolin,  Lysol,  Saprol  and  Solutol.  It  is  less  caustic  than  solutol,  possess- 
ing the  advantage  over  creolin  and  lysol  of  not  exhibiting  the  greasiness  charactertstic 
of  these.  It  is  a dark  colored  liquid,  nearly  odorless,  of  a neutral  reaction  and  miscible 
with  water  in  all  proportions.  It  is  especially  applicable  for  surgical  uses,  a 
solution  being  employed  in  dressings  and  a one  to  twelve  for  spray  apparatus.  It  is 
claimed  that  a solution  is  more  active  than  a 2%  solution  of  carbolic  acid, 

TRICRESOL  is  a concentrated  preparation  of  the  three  cresols  (ortho, meta,para). 
free  from  all  impurities.  It  forms  a clear  colorless  liquid,  of  specific  gravity  1,045.  and 
soluble  to  the  extent  of  2y*$  in  water.  A 1%  solution  of  tricresol  corresponds  to  a 3% 
solution  of  carbolic  acid,  having  therefore  three  times  the  disinfectant  value  of  the 
latter. 


CRESYLIC  ACID.  See  Cresol. 

CROTON  CHLORAL.  See  Butyl-Chloral-Hydrate. 
CROTON-CHLORAL-HYDRATE.  See  Butyl-Chloral-Hydrate. 

CRYOSTASE. 

A mixture  of  equal  parts  of  carbolic  acid,  camphor,  saponin  and  traces  of  oil  of 
turpentine.  Becomes  solid  when  heated,  and  liquid  when  cooled  to  below  0°C.  Recom- 
mended as  an  antiseptic. 

CRYSTALLOSE. 

A name  applied  to  a very  soluble  crystalline  sodium  salt  of  pure  saccharin.  In 
consequence  of  the  presence  of  crystal  water,  the  sweetening  power,  compared  with 
that  of  cane  sugar,  is  reduced  to  400  times  the  latter  instead  of  500  times,  as  is  the  case 
in  the  pure  amorphous  saccharin. 

CUBEBIC  ACID.  C28H30O7. 

A principle  obtained  from  the  cubeb  by  extraction  with  caustic  alkalies  and  after- 
wards liberated  ou  addition  of  an  acid.  Cubebic  acid  forms  a waxy-like  body,  readily 
soluble  in  alcohol  and  ether,  becoming  brown  on  exposure  to  the  air.  According  to 
Bernatzik  it  possesses  the  antiblennorrhagic  properties  of  cubebs  ; dose  0.3  to  1 Gm.  (4 
to  15  grains). 

CUMARIN. 

Synonym : Coumarin. 

The  crystallizable,  odorous  constituent  of  the  Tonca  bean , also  prepared  synthetic- 
ally. It  melts  at  67°  C.  (152.6°  F.).  only  slightly  soluble  in  water,  readily  in  alcohol  aDd 
ether.  Ouraarin  is  employed  for  the  purpose  of  masking  the  odor  of  medicinal  agents 
such  as  iodoform,  etc. 

CUTAL. 

Synonym:  Aluminum  Boro-Tannieo-Tartrate. 

Obtained  by  pouring  a mixture  of  five  parts  of  an  aqueous  tannin  solution  (1:4) 
and  80  parts  of  an  aqueous  borax  solution  (1:19)  into  a solution  of  3 parts  of  alumi- 
num sulphate  in  12  parts  of  water,  stirring  constantly.  The  resulting  precipitate  is 
filtered  off,  washed,  spread  on  glass  plates  and  dried  at  low  temperature.  This  pre- 
paration is  insoluble  in  water ; hence,  in  order  to  render  it  soluble.  1 part  of  it  is  dis- 
solved in  10  parts  of  water  by  means  of  1.2  parts  of  tartaric  acid  ; the  solution  evapo- 
rated to  dryness  at  a low  temperature  yields  a soluble  aluminum  boro-tannico-tartrate 
or  cutal.  This  is  recommended  as  an  astringent  antiseptic,  either  in  dry  form  or  in 
aqueous  solution. 


CYSTINE.  CnH14N20. 

An  alkaloid  obtained  from  the  Cytisus  laburnum.  Forms  an  inodorous,  deliquescent, 
white,  crystalline  mass,  of  bitter  taste,  readily  soluble  in  alcohol  and  water,  insoluble 
in  ether ; chiefly  emploved  as  a nitrate.  Cystine,  as  regards  its  physiological  action, 
stands  between  strychnia  and  curare,  being  used  in  paralytic  migraine  ; also  in  cardiac 

Dose  0.003  to  0.005  Gm.  (1-21  to  1-12  grain). 


24 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


DATURINE.  See  Hyoscyamine. 

DELPHININ. 

An  alkaloid  obtained  from  the  seed  of  Delphinium  staphisagria.  Forms  small  crys- 
tals of  a bitter  taste,  insoluble  in  water  and  soluble  in  alcohol  and  ether.  Exerts  a pow- 
erful action  on  the  heart,  like  aconitin  ; employed  in  treatment  of  spasmodic  asthma, 
dropsical  affections  and  neuralgia,  in  doses  of  0.01  to  0.02  Gm.  (1-5  to  1-3  grain). 

DERMATOL.  C6H2(OH)3COOBi  (OH)a. 

Synonyms : Subgallate  of  Bismuth ; Basic  Gallate  of  Bismuth. 

To  a solution  of  15  parts  of  crystallized  bismuth  trinitrate  in  31  parts  of  glacial 
acetic  acid  diluted  with  about  200  parts  of  water,  is  added  with  constant  stirring  a 
warm  solution  of  5 parts  of  gallic  acid  in  250  parts  of  water.  The  yellow  precipitate  is 
washed  until  free  from  nitric  acid,  then  dried  on  porous  plates.  Dermatol  forms  a 
bright  yellow,  inodorous  and  tasteless  powder,  insoluble  in  the  usual  solvents.  It  is  an 
excellent  dry  antiseptic  in  all  varieties  of  surgical  practice.  Internally  in  doses  of  0.25 
to  0.5  Gm.  (4  to  8 grains)  in  treatment  of  diarrhoea. 

DERMOL. 

Synonym : Bismuth  Chrysophanate. 

This  is  described  by  Trojescu  as  an  amorphous  yellow-colored  powder,  insoluble  in 
all  of  the  usual  solvents,  consisting  of  a mixture  of  chrysarobin  and  bismuth  hydrox- 
ide. It  is  probably  intended  to  be  used  as  an  antiseptic  application  in  various  skin  dis- 
eases. 

DESOXY-ALIZARIN.  See  Anthrarobin. 

DEXTRO-SACCHARIN. 

This  consists  of  a mixture  of  saccharin  1 part  and  glucose  2000  parts. 

DIABETIN.  C6H1206. 

Synonyms:  Lasvulose  ; Fruit  Sugar. 

Fruit  Sugar  ( Fructose ) is  found  in  most  sweet  fruits,  together  with  an  equal 
amount  of  grape  sugar  ; it  is  formed,  together  with  grape  sugar,  in  the  so-called  in- 
version or  decomposition,  of  cane  sugar  by  boiling  with  acids ; the  mixture  of  the  two  is 
called  invert  sugar.  This  diabetin  is  prepared  from  invert  sugar  by  mixing  the  latter 
with  calcium-hydroxide,  the  liquid  lime  compound  of  dextrose  is  removed  and  the 
residual  solid  is  the  lime  compound  of  lgevulose ; this  latter  calcium  salt  is  decom- 
posed with  carbonic  acid,  liberating  the  laevulose.  This  is  a colorless,  odorless,  crys- 
talline powder,  readily  soluble  in  water  and  alcohol.  Diabetin  is  recommended  as  a 
sweetening  agent  for  diabetic  patients. 

DIACETANILID.  C6H5N  (C2H302)2. 

The  old  method  of  preparation  of  this  salt  is  by  heating  together  phenyl  mustard 
oil  and  acetic  acid.  It  is  now  prepared  by  heating  acetanilid  with  glacial  acetic  acid 
at  2^0°  to  250°  C.  The  reactions  product  is  taken  up  by  hot  petroleum  ether  and  crys- 
tallized, while  the  unaltered  acetanilid  remains  behind  undissolved.  The  physiological 
action  of  this  compound  is  similar  to,  but  stronger,  than  that  of  acetanilid. 

DIAPHTHOL.  See  under  Chinolin. 

DIAPHTHERIN.  See  under  Chinolin 

DI-BRO MO-GALLIC  ACID.  See  Gallobromol. 

D I -C  H LO  R A L- A N T I P Y R I N E.  See  under  Antipyrine. 

- DI-CHLORACETIC  ACID.  CHCl2COOH. 

This  is  obtained  by  the  action  of  chlorine  gas  on  glacial  acetic  acid.  It  forms  a 
colorless,  pungent  fluid,  of  boiling-point  190°  C.  (374°  F.). 

Is  employed  as  a cauterizing  agent. 

DI-CHLOR-M ETHANE.  See  Methylene  Chloride. 

DIETHYL  ACETAL.  See  Acetal. 

DI-ETHYL-SULPH ON-DI-ETHYL-METHANE.  See  Tetronal. 

DI-ETHYL-SULPHON-DI-M ETHYL-METHANE.  See  Sulphonal. 

DI-ETHYL-SULPH  ON-METHYL-ETHYL-METHANE.  See  Trional. 

DI-ETHYLENE- DIAMINE.  See  Piperazine. 

DIGITALEIN.  (Schmiedeberg.) 

A glucosidal  principle  obtained  from  the  leaves  of  the  Digitalis  purpurea.  It  con- 
stitutes a yellowish,  amorphous  powder  which  is  soluble  in  water  and  alcohol.  The 
properties  and  dose  of  this  glucoside  are  similar  to  those  of  digitalin. 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


25 


DIGITALIN.  (Digital inum.) 

A glucoside  obtained  from  the  leaves  of  the  Digitalis  purpurea. 

DIGIT ALINVM  CR  YS  TALLIS  A TUM  NATIVELLE.  Forms  fine  crystalline 
needles,  which  are  almost  insoluble  in  water  and  soluble  in  alcohol.  It  has  been  recom- 
mended in  treatment  of  inflammation  of  the  lungs,  and  also  feebleness  of  the  heart’s 
action.  Dose  0.00065  to  0.001  Gm.  (1-100  to  1-64  gram). 

DIGIT  ALINUM  VER  TIM  KILIANI.  (German.)  (05H802)#.  Occurs  as  a white  amor- 
phous powder,  soluble  in  1000  parts  of  water  and  in  100  parts  of  dilute  alcohol.  It  melts 
at  217°0.  (422.6° F.).  This  digitalin  ” verum  ” exerts  the  characteristic  effects  of  digitalis 
leaves  (Bohm  and  Pfaff),  being  administered  in  doses  of  0.00025  Gm.  (1-300  grain). 

DIGITOXIN.  C31H3207. 

According  to  Schmiedeberg,  digitoxin  is  the  most  active  of  the  several  glucosides 
which  constitute  commercial  *' digitalin.”  being  essentially  identical  with  “Nativelle’s 
digitalin.”  Digitoxin  forms  white  crystalline  needles,  which  are  insoluble  in  water,  the 
dose  being  0.00033  to  0.00065  Gm.  (1-200  to  1 100  grain). 

DI-HYDRO-RESORCIN. 

This  is  prepared  by  the  action  of  sodium  amalgam  on  a solution  of  resorcin  in  boiling 
wnter,  carbonic  acid  gas  being  passed  through  the  solution  during  the  reaction.  The 
unconverted  resorcin  is  removed  by  shaking  the  solution  with  ether,  then  after  acidu- 
lating, the  solution  is  shaken  a second  time  with  ether,  which  extracts  the  dihydrores- 
orcin. which  remains  as  a syrup-like  liquid  on  the  evaporation  of  the  ether.  It  soon 
congeals  to  a solid  mass  on  standing,  which,  by  recrystallization,  yields  glossy  prisms, 
which  melt  at  104°  to  106°  C.  (219.2°  to  222.8°F.),  very  soluble  in  water,  alcohol  and 
chloroform.  Di-hydro  resorcin  Is  recommended  as  an  antiseptic. 

DI-IODOFORM.  C2I2. 

Synonym : Ethylene  periodide. 

This  is  obtained  by  the  action  of  iodine  on  a solution  of  acetylene  iodide  in  carbon 
disulphide.*  It  forms  bright  yellow,  inodorous,  crystalline  needles,  which  are  insoluble 
in  water,  sparingly  soluble  in  alcohol,  an  I readily  so  in  chloroform  ; melting  at  192°  C. 
(377.6°  F.).  Diiodoform  contains  95.5$  of  iodine,  and  is  recommended  as  a substitute  for 
iodoform.  Exposure  to  light  causes  its  decomposition,  hence  it  should  be  kept  in  a 
dark  place. 

DI-IO DO-SALICYLIC  ACID.  C6II2I2(OH)COOH. 

This  is  obtained  by  the  action  of  iodine  and  iodic  acid  on  salicylic  acid.  It  forms 
a white  crystalline  powder,  of  sweet  taste,  melting  between  220°  to  230°  C.  (428°  to 
446°  F.).  almost  insoluble  in  cold  water,  slightly  soluble  in  hot  water  and  very  soluble 
in  alcohol  and  ether. 

It  is  employed  as  an  analgesic  and  antipyretic  ; dose  1.5  to  4.  Gm.  (24  to  60  grains) 
per  day. 

DI-IODO-SALOL.  See  under  Salol. 

DIMETHYL-ACETAL.  CH3-CH(OCH3)2. 

Synonym:  ^Ethyliden-Di-Methyl-Ether . 

This  is  obtained  by  the  oxidation  of  a mixture  of  ethyl  and  methyl  alcohols.  It 
forms  a colorless,  ethereal  liquid  of  sp.  gr.  0.867.  boiling  at  64°  a.  (147.2°  F.)  Dimethyl- 
acetal  is  employed  as  an  anaesthetic,  either  alone  or  mixed  with  half  its  volume  of  chlo- 
roform. 

DI-METHYL- ETHYL-CARBINOL.  See  Amylene  Hydrate. 

DI-METHYL-KETONE.  See  Acetone. 

DI-METHYL-PIPERAZINE  TARTRATE.  See  under  Piperazine. 

DIOXY-ANTHRANOL.  See  Anthrarobin. 

DIPHTHERIA  ANTITOXINE. 

Behring’s  curative  serum  is  the  blood-serum  of  animals  immunized  by  the  injection 
of  the  diphtheria  toxine. 

All  infectious  diseases  like  diphtheria  are  produced  by  bacteria,  which  secrete 
very  poisonous  substances  called  “toxines”  that  eventually  cause  death.  By  the 
use  of  certain  agents  the  action  of  these  toxines  rnav  be  counteracted,  rendering  the 
organism  insensible  to  their  poisonous  effect.  This  insensibility  or  immunity  may  be 
acquired  by  a gradual  habituation  to  a given  poison.  To  Prof.  Behring  is  due  the 
credit  of  discovering  that  during  this  process  of  habituation  an  antitoxine  is  produced 
in  the  blood,  which,  when  isolated  and  injected  into  the  blood  of  a patient,  effects  a 
change  in  the  susceptibility  of  the  living  organs  to  the  action  of  the  poison  (toxines). 
The  antitoxine  is  prepared  as  follows : A colony  of  diphtheria  bacilli,  after  being 


26 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


placed  in  a suitable  medium  and  under  favorable  conditions,  multiply  with  great 
rapidity,  secreting  at  the  same  time  their  poison  or  toxines.  After  a few  weeks, 
when  sufficient  of  the  toxines  has  formed,  the  bacilli  are  destroyed  by  means  of  car- 
bolic acid  and  by  filtering  through  porous  plates  of  clay  the  dead  bacilli  are  removed 
from  the  solution  of  toxines.  Of  this  solution,  small  amounts  are  injected  into  the 
blood  of  a healthy  horse,  producing  a mild  attack  of  the  disease ; this  procedure  is 
then  repeated  for  several  months,  the  doses  of  toxine  being  steadily  increased  until 
the  animal  becomes  habituated  to  the  poison.  Then  a quantity  of  blood  is  with- 
drawn from  the  animal,  and  the  serum  or  aqueous  portion  is  separated  from  the  red 
blood  corpuscles ; this  serum  constituting  a light  yellow  liquid  which  contains  the  an- 
titoxine  of  diphtheria.  This  serum  is  standardized  by  determining  the  quantity  re- 
quired for  injection  to  neutralize  a fatal  dose  of  diphtheritic  poison  in  a guinea  pig  ; 
the  ratio  between  the  quantity  of  antitoxine  and  the  body  weight  of  the  animal  fur- 
nishes a means  of  indicating  in  definite  units  the  strength  of  the  solution. 

DIPHTHERICIDE. 


Pastilles  containing  thymol,  sodium-benzoate  and  saccharin.  Used  as  prophylactic 
against  diphtheria. 

DISINFECTIN. 

This  is  made  by  treating  5 parts  of  kkmasut”  (the  residue  of  naphtha-distillation) 
with  1 part  of  concentrated  sulphuric  acid ; the  resulting  sulphonated  product  is  then 
treated  with  5 parts  of  10#  soda  solution.  This  forms  a brown  liquid  which,  when 
diluted  with  water,  is  used  as  a disinfectant. 

DISINFECTOL. 

A mixture  of  hydrocarbons  and  crude  cresols  rendered  soluble  by  the  addition  of 
alkali.  It  is  a dark-brown  liquid  which  gives  a milky-like  solution  with  water.  It  is 
employed  as  a disinfectant  diluted  with  water. 


DISPERMINE.  See  Piperazine. 

D I T H I O N . See  under  Dithiosalicylic  Acids. 


DITHIOSALICYLIC  ACIDS. 


S-C6H3  (OH)  COOH. 
S-C6H3  (OH)  COOH. 


Of  these  acids  nine  isomers  are  possible,  but  only  two  of  them  have  been  introduced 
in  medicine  in  the  form  of  sodium  and  lithium  salts,  being  distinguished  as  No.  1 and 
No.  2. 

Salicylic  acid  and  sulphuryl  chloride,  in  molecular  proportions,  are  heated  together 
at  150°  C.,  the  resulting  resinous  like  mass  is  dissolved  in  a solution  of  soda  to  which  in 
turn  a solution  of  sodium  chloride  is  added  resulting  in  the  precipitation  of  sodium 
dithiosalicylate  No.  1,  while  the  sodium  salt  No.  2 remains  in  solution.  The  acids  are 
liberated  from  their  corresponding  sodium  salts  by  the  addition  of  hydrochloric  acid. 

SODIUM  DITHIOSALICYLATE  No.  1.  Forms  a yellowish,  amorphous,  soluble 
powder,  which  is  employed  as  an  antiseptic  in  veterinary  practice,  either  as  a wash  (3 
to  5#)  or  mixed  with  talcum  or  starch  (5  to  50#)  as  a dusting  powder. 

SODIUM  DITHIOSALICYLATE  No.  2.  Forms  a gray,  amorphous,  hygroscopic 
and  soluble  powder,  which  is  employed  internally  in  treatment  of  muscular  rheumat 
ism  and  rheumatic  fever  ; in  antiseptic  activity  it  is  superior  to  sodium  salicylate.  Dose 
is  0.2  to  1 Gm.  (3  to  15  grains). 

DITHION.  Is  a mixture  of  the  two  sodium  salts  of  ’ithiosalicylic  acid.  It  is  em- 
ployed as  an  antiseptic  wash  (5  to  10#)  and  dusting-powder  in  veterinary  practice. 

THIOFORM.  A basic  bismuth  salt  of  dithiosalicylic  acid,  introduced  as  a substi- 
tute for  iodoform.  It  is  prepared  by  adding  a solution  of  sodium  dithiosalicylate  (1  or 
2)  to  a solution  of  bismuth  trinitrate,  the  latter  salt  being  first  dissolved  in  a little  glyc- 
erin before  diluting  with  water.  The  resulting  precipitate,  after  washing  and  drying, 
constitutes  a voluminous,  yellow,  insoluble,  inodorous  powder. 

DI-THYMOL-IODIDE.  See  Aristol, 

D IU R ET I N . C7H7N402Na+C6H4  (OH)  COONa. 

Synonym : Sodio-Theobromine  Salicylate. 

The  active  constituent  of  this  body  is  theobromine,  an  alkaloid  which  is  closely 
related  to  caffeine.  Diuretin  is  prepared  by  mixing  aqueous  solutions  of  sodio-theo- 
bromine  and  sodium  salicylate,  in  molecular  proportions,  and  evaporating  to  dryness. 
It  constitutes  a white  amorphous  powder,  very  soluble  in  water,  decomposed  by  acid 
solutions.  It  is  employed  as  a diuretic  in  doses  of  0.5  to  1.5  Gm.  (8  to  23  grains)  for 
children,  and  1.5  to  3 Gm.  (23  to  45  grains)  for  adults. 

UROPHERIN  (Lithium- Diuretin).  Is  analogous  to  diuretin,  being  the  correspond- 
ing lithio-theobromine-salicylate.  It  is  a white  powder,  soluble  in  5 parts  of  water, 
being  employed  as  a diuretic  in  doses  of  1 Gm.  (15.5  grains). 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


27 


DUBOISINE.  C17H23N03. 

This  alkaloid,  obtained  from  the  leaves  of  Duboisia  myoporoides  is,  according  to 
Ladenburg,  chemically  identical  with  hyoscin ; according  to  others  identical  with  hyos- 
cyamin.  It  is  employed  as  a mydriatic,  acting  more  rapidly  and  being  less  irritating 
than  atropine ; also  employed  as  a hypnotic  and  sedative  in  treatment  of  hysteria  and 
epilepsy.  The  sulphate  occurs  in  hygroscopic  crystals  ; being  used  in  aqueous  solution 
(0.065  Gm.  to  30  Cc.)  for  the  eye.  The  dose  of  the  alkaloid  is  0.0008  to  0.002  Gm.  (1-80  to 
1-30  grain). 

DULCIN.  CO(NH2)NH.  C6H4OC2H5. 

Synonyms : Sucrol ; Yalzin  ; P-Phenetolcarbamid. 

By  the  action  of  para-phenetidin  on  phosgene,  dissolved  in  toluol,  phenetidm-car- 
bon-oxyehloride  is  formed  ; this  product  on  treatment  with  ammonia  yields  dulcin . 
This  sweetening  agent  forms  colorless  crystals,  which  melt  at  173°  C (343.4°  F.)  soluble 
in  800  parts  of  water  at  15°  C.  (59°  F.),  and  55  parts  of  water  at  100°  C.  (21 ;°  F.) ; it  is 
soluble  in  25  parts  of  alcohol,  also  in  ether.  Its  sweetening  power  i«  about  200  times 
that  of  sugar.  Dulcin  is  employed  as  a sweetening  agent  for  the  food  of  diabetics. 

EPHEDRINE.  C10H15ON. 

An  alkaloid  obtained  from  the  leaves  of  the  Ephedra  vulgaris.  The  hydrochloride 
of  this  base,  which  forms  colorless  soluble  crystals,  is  recommended  as  a mydriatic  to 
replace  homatropine.  Instillation  of  I or  2 drops  of  a 10$  solution  into  the  eye  pro- 
duces marked  dilation  of  the  pupil,  which  lasts  from  5 to  20  hours ; for  daily  applica- 
tion 2 to  3 drops  of  a 1$  solution  is  sufficient. 

ERGOTININE.  (Tanret). 

This  is  a feeble  basic  principle  obtained  from  ergot,  of  which,  according  to  Tanret,  it 
is  the  active  principle.  It  occurs  in  colorless  needles,  which,  on  exposure  to  light, 
rapidly  darken.  According  to  Robert,  this  principle,  when  pure,  is  inert. 

ERYTHROPHLEINE. 

This  is  an  alkaloid  obtained  from  the  Sassy  bark  (. Erythrophleum  guineense ).  The 
hydrochloride  of  this  base  forms  colorless  crystals  which  are  soluble  in  water.  This 
alkaloid  has  been  recommended  as  a local  anaesthetic,  internally  as  a cardiac  stimulant. 
It  is  intensely  poisonous. 

ESERIDINE.  C15H23N303. 

This  is  one  of  the  alkaloids  which  occurs  in  the  calabar  bean,  along  with  physos- 
tigmine  (eserine).  Eseridine  forms  colorless  crystals,  melting  at  132°  G.  (269.6°  F.)  Its 
physiological  action  is  similar  to  that  of  eserine,  being,  however,  six  times  weaker  in 
effect.  It  has  been  recommended  as  a purgative  in  veterinary  practice. 

ETHOXY-CAFFEINE.  See  under  Caffeine. 

ETHYL  BROMIDE.  C2H6Br. 

Synonyms:  iEther  bromatus;  Brom-ethyl;  Mono-brom-ethane. 

Ethyl  bromide  is  obtained  by  the  distillation  of  a mixture  of  ethyl-alcohol,  sulphuric 
acid  and  potassium  bromide.  It  forms  a colorless,  limpid,  inflammable  liquid,  of  a 
sweet  chloroformic  odor.  It  boils  between  38®  and  40®  C.  (100.4°— 104°  F.);  its  specific 
gravity  lies  between  1.445  and  1.450.  It  is  not  miscible  with  water,  but  freely  with 
alcohol,  ether,  chloroform  and  the  oils. 

This  preparation  should  be  cautiously  preserved,  for  the  action  of  light  and  air 
causes  its  decomposition  into  bromine  and  hydro-bromic  acid,  which  is  evident  by  its 
brown  color,  acid  reaction  and  pungent  odor;  in  this  condition  it  should  not  be 
dispensed. 

Ethyl  bromide  is  employed  as  an  anesthetic  in  minor  surgical  operations.  Nar- 
cosis is  produced  in  from  ^ to  1 minute,  but  lasts  only  a few  minutes,  unless  fresh 
quantities  are  administered. 

ETHYL  CARBAMATE.  See  Urethane. 

ETHYL  CHLORIDE.  C2H*C1. 

Synonyms:  Chlor-ethyl;  Mono-chlor-ethane;  Chelen. 

Ethyl  chloride  is  produced  by  the  action  of  dry  hydrochloric  acid  gas  on  absolute 
alcohol.  At  ordinary  temperature  it  constitutes  a gas,  which. is  readily  condensed  to 
a liquid  which  boils  at  10°  C.  (50°  F.).  Because  of  the  intense  cold  (about  35°  C.)  pro- 
duced by  its  evaporation,  it  is  employed  as  a local  anaesthetic  This  liquid  appears  in 
commerce  in  small  hermetically  sealed  tubes,  terminated  by  a capillary  point.  When 
used,  the  point  of  the  capillary  is  broken  off,  and  the  tube  held  in  the  hand,  the 
warmth  of  which  is  sufficient  to  expel  the  liquid  through  the  small  orifice  in  a stream; 
this  is  directed  to  the  surface  where  it  is  desired  to  produce  local  anaesthesia. 

Because  of  its  great  inflammability,  operations  should  not  be  performed  in  the 
proximity  of  a gas  flame. 


28 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


« 


ETHYL  IODIDE.  C2H6I. 

Synonyms  : JSther  Iodatus;  Ethyl  Iodide;  Mono-iod-ethane. 

Ethyl  iodide  is  prepared  by  the  action  of  iodine  on  a well-cooled  mixture  of 
amorphous  phosphorus  and  absolute  alcohol.  This  forms  a colorless  liquid  which  boils 
at  71°  0.  (160°  F.);  its  specific  gravity  being  1.97. 

Employed  as  an  inhalation  in  treatment  of  bronchitis  and  dyspnoea. 

ETHYL  KAIRIN.  See  Kairin. 

ETHYL  N AT  R I U M . See  under  Sodium  Salts. 

ETHYL  PHENACETINE.  See  under  Phenacetine. 

ETHYL  URETHANE.  See  Urethane. 

ETHYLENE  BROMIDE.  C2H4Br2 

Synonyms : ^Ethylenum  Bromatum;  Brom-ethylene. 

Ethylene  bromide  is  prepared  by  passing  ethylene  eras  through  bromine.  It  forms 
a colorless,  highly  refractive  liquid  of  chloroformic  odor;  its  boiling  point  is  131.5°  r. 
(269°  F.)  and  specific  gravity  2.170.  It  is  insoluble  in  water,  but  miscible  with  alcohol 
and  the  fatty  oils. 

This  ethylene  bromide  should  not  be  confused  with  ethyl  bromide,  as  the  former 
produces  marked  toxic  effects  when  inhaled. 

Ethylene  bromide  is  employed  as  an  anti-epilepticum,  in  doses  of  0.1  to  0.3  Gm. 
(1.5  to  5 grains)  or  6 to  12  minims,  in  form  of  an  emulsion. 

ETHYLENE  CHLORIDE.  C2H4C12. 

Synonyms:  ^Ethylenum  Chloratum ; iEthylen  Chlorid;  Chlorgethylene; 

Elaylum  Chloratum;  Liquor  Hollandicus. 

Ethylene  chloride  is  produced  by  the  action  of  chlorine  on  ethylene.  This  consists 
of  a colorless  ethereal  liquid,  of  boiling  point  of  85°  C.  (185°  F.)  and  specific  gravity  of 
1,254 

It  is  employed  as  local  application  to  relieve  rheumatic  or  neuralgic  pains. 

ETHYLENE-DIAMINE  TRICRESOL. 

A mixture  of  10  parts  each  of  ethylendiamin  and  tricresol,  dissolved  in  500  parts  of 
distilled  water.  It  appears  as  a clear,  colorless  liquid,  becoming  slightly  yellow  on  ex- 
posure to  the  air.  It  has  an  alkaline  reaction,  and  metallic  instruments  are  not  attacked 
by  it  when  in  dilute  solution. 

ETHYLENE-IMINE.  See  Piperazine. 

ETHYLIDEN  CHLORIDE.  CH3  CH  Cl2. 

Synonyms : ^Ethylidenum  Chloratum ; Chlorethyliden. 

Ethyliden  chloride  is  prepared  by  the  action  of  chlorine  on  ethyl  chloride.  It  con- 
stitutes a colorless  ethereal  liquid,  of  an  agreeable  fruity  odor,  boiling  point  being 
57°  C.  (134.6°  F.)  and  specific  gravity  1.18. 

It  is  employed  as  an  anaesthetic  in  minor  operations,  producing  rapid  narcosis  o f 
short  duration. 

ETHYLI DEN-DI-ETHYL  ETHER.  See  Acetal. 

ETHYLI DEN-DI-METHYL-ETHER.  See  Dimethylacetol. 

EUCALYPTEOL. 

This  antiseptic  is  obtained  by  the  treatment  of  eucalyptus  oil  with  hydrochloric 
acid,  producing  eucalyptene  bichloride,  in  colorless,  scalv  crystals,  with  an  odor  re- 
sembling camphor,  and  almost  tasteless.  It  is  insoluble  in  water,  soluble  in  ether, 
chloroform  and  alcohol,  being  decomposed  by  the  latter.  The  dose  for  adults  in  ca  p- 
sules  is  1 to  1.5  Gm.  (15  to  24  grains).  • 

EUCALYPTOL.  C10Ha8O. 

Synonyms:  Cineol ; Cajeputol 

Eucalyptolis  an  oxygenated  body  obtained  from  the  volatile  oil  of  various  species 
of  Eucalyptus.  It  is  identical  with  cajeputol  of  oil  of  cajeput,  and  cineol  of  oil  of  worm- 
seed.  Eucalyptol  forms  a colorless  liquid  of  camphoraceous  odor,  boiling  at  176°C. 
(348.8°  F.);  sp.  gr.  0.930.  It  is  insoluble  in  water,  but  miscible  with  alcohol,  ether  and  the 
fatty  oils.  Eucalyptol,  being  the  active  constituent  of  oil  of  eucalyptus,  is  employed 
in  all  cases  where  the  latter  is  applicable,  that  is  as  an  antiseptic,  rubefacient,  etc.;  it  is 
an  effective  agent  in  lung  and  bronchial  affections,  being  introduced  as  a spray  and  in- 
halation Its  internal  dose  is  5 drops  in  capsule  or  as  emulsion. 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


29 


EUCALYPTO-RESORCIN. 

This  compound  is  obtained  by  warming  together  molecular  quantities  of  eucalyp- 
tol  and  resorcin;  the  resulting  product  is  recrystallized  from  alcohol.  It  forms  a 
white  crystalline  powder,  which  is  soluble  in  alcohol  and  ether ; insoluble  in  water. 
Eucalypto-resorcin  is  an  antiseptic,  employed  for  inhalation  (in  alcoholic  solution)  in 
treatment  of  phthisis. 

EUGENOL.  C6H3.(C3H5)  (O.CH3)  (OH). 

This  is  a phenol,  which  occurs  in  various  volatile  oils,  particularly  those  of  cloves 
(80  to  90#),  allspice,  cinnamon,  sassafras  and  bay.  Oil  of  clove  is  treated  with  an  ex 
cess  of  liquor  sodae,  then  shaken  with  ether  to  remove  the  terpenes.  the  aqueous  solu- 
tion of  sodium  eugenol  is  then  decomposed  by  the  addition  of  acid,  and  the  eugenol 
separates  as  an  oily  fluid.  It  is  an  aromatic,  colorless,  oily  liquid,  which  boils  at246°C’. 
(474.8°  F.);  when  exposed  to  the  air  it  rapidly  turns  brown.  Readily  soluble  in  alcohol, 
almost  insoluble  in  water ; it  unites  with  alkalies,  forming  soluble  salts.  Eugenol  is  a 
powerful  antiseptic,  being  employed  in  dental  surgery.  It  has  also  been  recommended 
in  treatment  of  tuberculosis  in  doses  of  1 to  2 Gm.  (15  to  30  grains). 

BENZOYL-EUGEN  OL.  Is  prepared  by  the  action  of  benzoyl  chloride  on  eugen' 
ol-sodium.  occurs  in  colorless,  inodorous  crystals,  which  melt  at  70.5°  C.  (159°  F.); 
insoluble  in  water,  soluble  in  alcohol,  ether  and  chloroform.  This  compound  is  recom- 
mended in  place  of  Eugeaol. 

CINNAMYL-EUGENOL.  Is  prepared  by  interaction  between  cinnamy  1-chloride 
and  eugenol  sodium  ; it  forms  inodorous,  colorless  crystalline  needles,  which  melt  at 
90°  to  91°  C.  (194°  to  195.8°  F.);  insoluble  in  water,  soluble  in  alcohol,  ether  and 
chloroform.  This  compound  is  likewise  recommended  for  administering  in  place  of 
Eugenol. 

ETJGENOL- A CETAMID.  Is  prepared  by  the  interaction  between  eugenol-sodium 
and  monochloracetic  acid,  the  resulting  eugenol  acetic  acid  is  converted  into  the  amide 
by  heating  with  ammonia.  From  water  it  crystallizes  in  shining  plates,  from  alcohol 
in  fine  needles,  which  melt  at  110°  C.  (230°  F.).  It  is  recommended  as  a local  anaes- 
thetic, likewise  as  an  antiseptic  in  treatment  of  wounds. 

IODO-EUGENOL.  Is  obtained  by  the  action  of  iodine  on  eugenol  sodium.  It 
forms  a yellowish-colored,  inodorous,  insoluble  powder,  which  melts  at  150°  C.  (302°F.). 
Iodo-Eugenol  is  employed  as  an  antiseptic. 

E UG  E N O L-B  EN  ZO  AT  E.  See  under  Eugenol. 

E U G E N O L-C I N N A M AT  E . See  under  Eugenol. 

EULYPTOL.  See  Uiyptol. 

EUONYMIN. 

A glucoside  obtained  from  the  bark  of  the  root  of  the  Wahoo  ( Euonymus  atropur- 
pureits).  It  forms  a brownish- colored  powder  of  very  bitter  taste,  slightly  soluble  in 
water  and  soluble  in  alcholand  ether.  Its  properties  are  purgative.  Hose  0 03  to  0.2 
Gm.  (46  to  3 grains). 

EUPHORIN.  C6H5NH-CO-OCaH6. 

Synonym:  Phenyl-Urethane. 

The  esters  of  carbamic  acid  CO  are  called  Urethanes , euphorin  being  a 

phenyl-ester.  It  is  obtained  by  the  interaction  between  aniline  and  mono-ehlorofor- 
mic  ethyl-ester,  forming  a colorless  crystalline  powder,  melting  at  49°  to  50°  C.  (120.2  to 
122  F.),  slightly  soluble  in  cold,  more  readily  in  hot  water  ; soluble  in  alcohol,  ether  and 
hydroalcoholic  mixtures.  Euphorin  is  employed  as  an  antipyretic,  antirheumatic  and 
analgesic,  in  doses  of  0.13  to  0:5  Gm  (2  to  8 grains) ; as  an  antiseptic  it  is  used  in  the 
form  of  a dusting- powder  in  the  treatment  of  ulcers,  skin  diseases,  etc. 

EUROPHEN.  C4H9(OCH3)C6H3-C6H2.C4H9(CH3)OI. 

Synonym : Isobutyl-Ortho-Cresol-Iodide. 

The  method  of  preparation  is  analogous  to  that  employed  in  the  manufacture  of 
aristol,  in  which  a solution  of  isobutvl-ortho-cresol  in  dilute  alkali  is  precipitated  by  a 
solution  of  iodine  in  potassium  iodide.  Europhen  forms  a yellowish,  amorphous  pow- 
der, of  aromatic  odor,  insoluble  in  water ; easily  soluble  in  alcohol,  ether  and  the 
fatty  oils.  It  yields  iodine  to  metallic  salts.  It  should  be  preserved  in  a dry  place, 
away  from  the  action  of  light ; water  and  alkalies  decompose  it.  Europhen  is  em- 
ployed as  an  antiseptic,  being  applied  either  as  a dusting-oowder  or  as  a 5 to  10#  oint- 
ment ; for  subcutaneous  injection  a 3 to  5#  solution  in  olive  oil  is  used. 

EXALGINE.  C«H6N(CH3).(CH3CO). 

Synonym : Methyl-Acetanilide. 

This  compound,  a methylated  acetanilide,  is  prepared  by  the  interaction  between 


30 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


acetyl-chloride  and  monomethyl-aniline.  It  forms  acicular  needles,  which  are  diffi- 
cultly soluble  in  cold  water  and  readily  in  alcohol  and  diluted  alcohol,  melting  at  100° 
C.  (212°  F.)  Exalgine  is  an  antineuralgic,  being  given  in  doses  of  0.065  to  0.2  Gm.  (1  to  3 
grains). 

FAREOL. 

A proprietary  anodyne  and  antipyretic. 

FERRATIN. 

Natural  ferratin,  a compound  of  iron  found  in  the  liver,  may  be  obtained  by  ex- 
tracting the  liver  of  the  hog  with  water  ; artificially  by  a patented  process  in  which  a 
solution  of  egg  albumen  iron  tartrate,  sodium  tartrate  and  hydrate  are  heated  together 
several  hours  at  90°  C. ; the  excess  of  alkali  then  neutralized  with  tartaric  acid,  am- 
monia added  and  again  heated  several  hours  at  90°  C\;  when  cold,  the  iron 
albuminate  is  precipitated  with  tartaric  acid.  Ferratin  forms  a reddish  bi  own  inodor- 
ous and  tasteless  powder,  insoluble  in  water  or  dilute  acids,  but  soluble  in  water,  pos- 
sessing a slight  alkaline  reaction.  The  preparation  contains  about  7$  of  iron.  The 
commercial  article  appears  in  two  forms,  one  being  insoluble,  as  described  above, 
and  the  other  a soluble  sodium  compound.  Ferratin  is  readily  absorbed  in  the  organ- 
ism without  causing  the  slightest  digestive  disturbances.  Dose  0.5  Gm.  (8  grains), 

* children  half  this  dose. 

FERROPYRIN.  (CuH^NaO^FeaCle. 

A compound  of  three  molecules  of  antipyrin  and  one  molecule  of  ferric  chloride. 
This  compound  possesses  the  combined  valuable  properties  of  both  its  constituents, 
hence  may  be  employed  in  the  treatment  of  anaemia,  neuralgia,  etc.  Ferropyrin  ap- 
pears as  an  impalpable,  orange-red  colored  powder,  containing  64$  of  antipyrin,  12$  of 
iron,  and  24$  of  chlorine.  Soluble  in  5 parts  of  water  at  15°  C.,  and  only  9 parts  at 
103°  C.,  hence  on  boiling  a cold  saturated  solution  ferropyrin  separates,  and  in  the  form 
of  ruby-red  scales,  which  melt  between  22^°  and  225°  C Very  soluble  in  cold  methyl- 
alcohol,  from  which  it  separates  in  orange-red  shining  scales;  also  very  soluble  in 
alcohol  and  insoluble  in  ether.  The  addition  of  alkalies  or  alkali  bicarbonates  to  its 
aqueous  solution  causes  the  precipitation  of  ferric  hydrate. 


FERRUM  ALBUMINATUM.  See  Iron  Albuminate. 


FERRUM  OXYDATUM  SACCHARATUM  SOLUBILE. 
FERRUM  PEPTONATUM.  See  Iron  Peptonate. 


See  Iron  Saccharated 
[Oxide. 


FILICIC  ACID.  (Amorphous).  C35H42013 

An  amorphous  principle  obtained  from  the  rhizome  of  the  Male  Fern  ( Aspidium 
filiv-mas).  This  forms  a tasteless  white  powder,  which  is  soluble  in  alcohol  and  the 
fatty  oils,  melts  at  125°  C.  (257°  F.)  The  anthelmintic  properties  of  male  fern  extract 
are  ascribed  to  this  principle,  which  is  given  iu  doses  of  0.5  to  1 Gm.  (8  to  15  grains). 
If  absorbed  into  the  system,  amorphous  filicic  acid  is  toxic,  hence  it  should  not  be  ad- 
ministered with  the  fatty  oils.  The  crystalline  filicic  acid  is  absolutely  inert.  (Poul- 
sen). 


FLUORESCEIN,  or  (Kesorcin-Phtalein).  C20Hi2O5.H2O. 

Phtalic  acid  anhydride  (75  p.)  is  fused  with  resorcin  (100  p.),  the  mass  well  washed 
with  hot  water  and  crystallized  from  alcohol.  Fluorescein  forms  a yellowish-red, 
crystalline  powder,  insoluble  in  water,  uniting  with  alkalies  to  form  soluble  salts.  A 
2$  alkaline  (Na  HC03)  solution  is  employed  in  diagnosis  of  cornea!  lesions,  and  detec- 
tion of  minute  foreign  bodies  imbedded  in  that  tissue.  Those  portions  of  the  cornea 
which  are  devoid  of  their  epithelium  are  colored  green,  while  foreign  bodies  are  sur- 
rounded by  a green  ring.  (Straub.) 

FORMALIN.  H.COH+^H20. 

Synonyms : F rmic  Aldehyde  ; Formol. 

This  is  a concentrated  (40$)  aqueous  solution  of  formic  aldehyde,  the  latter  being 
obtained  by  passing  the  vapors  of  methyl  alcohol  over  g1  owing  coke  or  platinum  spir- 
als. This  solution  possesses  a pungent  odor  and  Deutral  reaction,  its  sp.  gr.  being  from 
1.080  to  1.088.  Formic  aldehyde  is  a most  powerful  antiseptic,  its  solution  and  vapors 
being  devoid  of  any  deleterious  effect  upon  tissues  or  objects  ; a 1 to  2$  solution  is  suf- 
ficiently strong  for  all  purposes. 

FORMANILIDE.  C6H5NH.COH. 

This  is  obtained  by  digesting  aniline  with  formic  acid,  or  by  rapidly  heating  it  with 
oxalic  acid.  It  forms  colorless  prismatic  needles,  melting  at  46°  C.  (115°  F.),  readily 
soluble  in  water,  alcohol,  glycerin  and  the  oils.  Formanilide  is  employed  as  an  anti- 
pyretic and  analgesic  in  doses  of  about  0.12  to  0.3  Gm.  (2  to  5 grains).  When  applied,  to 
the  mucous  membrane  in  powder  form,  or  used  in  the  form  of  a subcutaneous  injection 
(1  Cc.  of  a 3$  solution),  it  acts  as  a local  anaesthetic. 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


81 


FORMIC  ALDEHYDE.  See  Formalin. 

FORMOL.  See  Formalin. 

FORMYL  CHLORIDE.  See  Chloroform. 

FORMYL-PHENACETINE.  See  under  Phenacetine. 

FORMYL  TRI BROMIDE.  See  Bromoform. 

FORMYL  TRIIODIDE.  See  Iodoform. 

FOSSILIN. 

A name  given  to  a petroleum  product  similar  to  petrolatum,  vaselin,  etc. 

FRAXININ. 

Synonym : Mannite. 

FRUIT-SUGAR.  See  Diabetin. 

GALLABROMOL.  See  Gallobromol. 

GAL  LAC  ETOPHENONE.  CH3-COC6H2(OH)3. 

Synonyms : Alizarin-Yellow  C. ; Methyl-keto-trioxybenzene ; Tri-oxy- 
aceto-phenon. 

This  derivative  of  pyrogallol  is  known  commercially  under  the  name  of  “alizarine- 
yellow  C.”  It  is  prepared  by  interaction  between  pyrogallol,  acetic  acid  and  zinc  chloride 
at  150°  C.  (302°  F.)  It  forms  a pale  yellow  powder,  almost  insoluble  in  cold  water.- 
readily  soluble  in  hot  water,  alcohol,  ether  and  glycerin.  Gallacetophenone  is  em- 
ployed in  dermatology  (10#  ointment)  as  a substitute  for  pyrogallol,  which  frequently 
gives  rise  to  toxic  symptoms. 

GALLANOL.  C6H5NH.CO.C6H2(OH)3. 

Synonyms  : Gallic  Acid  Anilide ; Gallinol. 

This  compound,  the  anilide  of  gallic  acid,  is  obtained  by  boiling  tannin  with  ani- 
line. It  is  a colorless,  crystalline  solid,  with  bitter  taste,  soluble  in  water,  alcohol  and 
ether ; possessing  marked  astringent  properties.  Gallanol  is  employed  in  skin  diseases 
in  place  of  chrysophanic  acid  and  pyrogallol,  being  less  irritating  and  without  poison 
ous  properties.  The  strength  of  the  ointment  varies  from  3 to  20#;  in  some  instances  it 
is  used  as  a dusting-powder  when  mixed  with  French  chalk. 

GALLIC  ACID  ANILIDE.  See  Gallanol. 

GALLINOL.  See  Gallanol. 

GALLOBROMOL.  C6Br2(OH)3COOH. 

Synonyms : Di-bromo-gallic  acid  ; Gallabromol. 

This  compound,  obtained  by  the  action  of  bromine  on  gallic  acid,  occurs  in  fine 
white  needles,  almost  insoluble  in  cold,  but  readily  soluble  in  hot  water,  also  in  al- 
cohol and  ether.  It  is  used  in  neurasthenia  and  similar  complaints  as  a sedative  in 
place  of  the  alkaline  bromides ; the  dose  being  1 to  10  Gm.  (15  to  150  grains). 

GELATOL. 

An  ointment  base  composed  of  a mixture  of  oil,  glycerin,  gelatin  and  water. 

GLACIALIN. 

A mixture  of  borax,  boric  acid  and  sugar. 

G LO  N O I N . Nitroglycerin  (see  U.  S.  P. ). 

GLUCUSIMIDE.  See  Saccharin. 

GLUSIDE.  See  Saccharin. 

GLYCERIN-PHOSPHORIC  ACID. 

This  compound,  a glycerin  ester  of  phosphoric  acid,  is  prepared  by  interaction  of 
phosphoric  acid  and  glycerin  in  the  presence  of  dehydrating  agents.  It  is  a yellowish 
inodorous,  oily  liquid,  of  acid  taste,  soluble  in  water  and  alcohol ; its  calcium  salt  be- 
ing chiefly  employed.  Used  subcutaneously  in  doses  of  about  0.25  Gm.  (3.8  grains)  to 
increase  the  amount  of  phosphorus  in  the  organism  of  neurasthenics  and  those  afflic- 
ted with  nervous  disorders. 

GLYCOLINE. 

A purified  petroleum  oil,  for  use  in  atomizers. 


32 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


GLYCOZONE.  • 

A thick  syrupy  liquid,  which  is  made  by  saturating  glycerin  with  ozone.  It  is  ad- 
ministered in  teaspoonful  doses,  diluted  with  water,  in  treatment  of  dyspepsia,  etc. 

GUAIACOL.  C6H4(OOH3)  (O  H)  (1:2). 

Synonyms : Methyl-Pyro-Catechol : Methyl-Pyrocatechin. 

Beechwood  tar  creosote,  which  consists  of  a mixture  of  guaiacol,  cresols  and  creosol, 
is  fractionated,  collecting  that  portion  which  comes  over  between  20U°  and  205°  C.;  this 
product  on  treatment  with  alcoholic  potassium -hydrate,  yields  potassium-guaiaeol. 
which,  when  decomposed  with  dilute  acids,  liberates  guaiacol.  When  pure,  guaiacol 
forms  a crystalline  solid,  which  melts  at  28.5°  C.  (83. 3°  F.),  and  boils  at  205.1°C.  (401.1°  F.); 
purified  liquid  creosote  is  a colorless  refractive  liquid,  of  agreeable  aromatic  odor, 
having  a specific  gravity  of  about  1.143;  soluble  in  85  parts  of  water,  readily  in  all 
proportions  in  alcohol  and  ether.  Commercial  guaiacol  (generally  of  synthetic  origin), 
does  not  contain  more  than  90#  of  pure  guaiacol,  its  gravity  is  lower  and  color  darkens 
on  exposure  to  air.  Guaiacol  is  a valuable  remedy  in  phthisis,  being  given  in  doses  of  1 
to  2 minims,  which  may  be  increased  to  20  minims  or  more.  It  readily  combines  with 
acid  radicals  forming  crystalline  compounds,  among  which  are  : 

CREOS O TE  CA RB O NA  TE  (Creosotol).  This  compound  is  analogous  to  guaiacol 
carbonate,  but  is  prepared  directly  from  beech-wood  creosote,  instead  of  guaiacol.  It 
forms  a thick,  brownish,  inodorous  oil,  insoluble  in  water.  Creosotol  is  preferred  to 
creosote  for  internal  administration  since  it  is  readily  absorbed  and  free  from  all  dis- 
turbing symptoms  which  accompany  creosote  itself.  Dose  is  3 to  15  minims 

GUAIACOL  BENZOATE.  See  Benzosol. 

GUAIACOL  BINIODIDE.  Is  prepared  by  precipitating  an  aqueous  solution  of 
sodium  guaiacol  with  a solution  of  iodine  in  potassium  iodide.  Id  forms  a reddish- 
brown  powder,  possessing  an  odor  of  iodine,  soluble  in  alcohol  and  the  fatty  oils. 
Nothiug  definite  is  known  as  to  its  dose. 

GUAIACOL  CARBONATE , [C03(C6H40CH3)2].  The di-guaiacol ester  of  carbonic 
acid,  is  formed  by  the  action  of  phosgene  gas  on  guaiacol  sodium.  This  forms  an  in- 
odorous, neutral,  crystalline  powder,  (containing  91.5#  of  gnai  icolV,  insoluble  in  water, 
slightly  so  in  alcohol,  glycerin  and  the  oils ; melts  at  65°  C.  (14ir  F.).  The  irritation 
produced  by  guaiacol,  as  well  as  creosote,  has  added  to  the  popularity  of.  this  salt, 
which  does  not  disturb  the  digestive  functions,  for,  being  insoluble,  it  passes 
unchanged  through  the  stem  ich  into  the  intestines,  where  it  is  split  up.  The  dose  is 
0.3  to  0 5 Gm.  (5  to  8 grains),  gradually  increasing  to  5 Gm.  (75  grains)  daily. 

GUAIACOL  CARBONIC  ACID  (C6H3  (OH)  (OCH3)  C00H-f-2H20.  Is  prepare,! 
by  passing  carbonic-acid  over  sodium-guaiacol  heated  to  100°  C.  (212°  F.),  the  resulting 
product  on  treatment  with  acids  yields  the  free  acid.  This  forms  a white,  crystalline, 
inodorous  powder  of  bitter  taste ; slightly  soluble  in  water,  readily  in  alcohol  and  ether, 
melting  at  150°  C.  (302°  F.).  Guaiacol  carbonic  acid  and  its  alkali  salts  have  been  recom- 
mended as  antiseptics  and  antirheumatics.  This  compound  should  not  be  confused 
with  Guaiacol  Carbonate. 

GUAIACOL  CINNAMATE  or  STYRACOL.  C6H5.CH=CH.C02C6H4.0CH3.  Is  the 
cinnamic  ester  of  guaiacol.  It  is  prepared  by  warming  a mixture  of  guaiacol  and  cin 
namyl  chloride  in  molecular  proportions.  This  compound  forms  colorless  needles  which 
melt  at  130°  C.  (266°  F ),  insoluble  in  water,  readily  soluble  in  alcohol.  Styracol  is  em- 
ployed in  catarrhal  affections  of  the  digestive  organs,  also  in  the  treatment  of  phthisis. 

GUAIACOL  SALICYLATE  or  GUAIACOL-SALOL.  C6H4  (OH)  COO-C6H4 
(OCH3).  A compound  analogous  to  salol,  is  prepared  by  the  action  of  phosphorus  oxy- 
chloride on  a mixture  of  guaiacol  sodium  and  sodium  salicylate.  It  forms  a white,  in- 
odorous. tasteless,  crystalline  powder,  melting  at  65°  n.  (149°  F.>,  a'most  insoluble  in 
water,  soluble  in  alcohol  and  ether.  It  is  administered  to  phthisical  patients  to  aid 
digestion,  also  as  an  intestinal  antiseptic  in  doses  of  1 Gm.  (15  grains). 

G UAIA  COL  PHOSPHA  TE.  PO  (C6II4  O CH30)3.  This  salt  is  prepared  by  H.  Du 
bois  by  making  a solution  of  guaiacol  in  soda  lye,  cooling,  and  then  adding  phosphorus 
oxychloride,  drop  by  drop,  in  somewhat  more  than  the  theoretical  quantity.  After 
standing  five  or  six  hours  an  oily  layer  of  the  phosphate  collects  on  the  bottom  of  the 
vessel,  which  soon  crystallizes,  and  is  then  purifie  l by  repeated  washing  with  alcohol. 
It  crystallizes  in  hard  colorless  tables,  melting  at  98°.  It  is  insoluble  in  water,  alcohol 
and  petroleum  ether,  and  easily  soluble  in  chloroform  and  acetone. 

GUAIA  COL  SUC  CIN  A TE.  This  new  ester  of  guaiacol  may  be  prepared  either  by 
treating  a mixture  of  guaiacol  and  succinic  acid  with  a definite  quantity  of  phosphorus 
oxychloride,  or,  preferably,  by  treating  an  aqueous  soda  solution  of  guaiacol,  cooling  it 
the  while  with  succinyl  chloride.  It  has  the  formula  G4H404(C6H4OCH3)2.  It  crystal- 
lizes in  fine  needles  with  a silken  luster,  melring  at  136°  c.  It  is  unsoluble  in  water, 
slightly  soluble  in  ether  and  alcohol,  and  readily  so  in  chloroform. 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


83 


OLEO- CREOSOTE , the  oleic  ester  of  creosote,  prepared  by  combining  creosote 
with  oleic  acid  by  means  of  phosphorus  trichloride.  This  is  a yellow,  oily  liquid  (35# 
creosote),  insoluble  in  water  and  nearly  so  in  alcohol,  soluble  in  ether  and  in  oils. 
It  is  used  as  an  antiphthisic  in  doses  of  15  to  16  minims. 

GUARANIN.  See  Caffeine. 

GYMNEMIC  ACID.  C3H55012. 

The  active  principle  prepared  from  the  leaves  of  Gymnemct  silvestre. 

It  forms  a greenish  white  powder,  of  an  acid  astringent  taste,  sparingly  soluble  in 
water,  easily  in  alcohol.  It  produces  a temporary  ageusia  to  sweet  and  bitter  tastes. 
Before  partaking  of  bitter  medicines,  the  mouth  is  rinsed  out  with  a 12  per  cent  hydm- 
alcoholic  solution. 

H/EMALBUMIN. 

A predigested  iron  albuminate,  one  gramme  containing  all  the  constituents  which 
are  found  in  6 grammes  of  fresh  healthy  blood,  with  exception  of  fibrin  and  such 
products  as  urea,  kreatinin.  etc.  Also  1 Gm.  of  Haemalbumin,  aside  from  the  readiness 
with  which  it  is  absorbed,  is  equal  to  25  Gm.  of  biquor  Ferri  Albuminati.  For  infants, 
one  gramme  dissolved  in  hot  water,  with  sufficient  sugar,  is  used.  For  adults  the 
same  quantity  may  be  given  in  dry  powder  form  several  times  daily. 

H/CMATOGEN. 

A yellowish  powder,  containing  0.7#  of  iron,  or  a liquid  obtained  by  adding  ferric 
citrate  and  acetic  acid  to  an  alkaline  s lution  of  albumen.  This  is  employed  in  treat- 
ment of  rachitis  and  scrofulous  conditions,  also  as  a tonic  for  ansemics.  Dose  of  the 
liquid  is  1 to  4 teaspoonfuls,  according  to  age. 

H/EMOGALLOL. 

A ferruginous  blood  preparation,  obtained  by  oxidizing  the  haemoglobin  of  the 
blood  (defibrinated  blood)  by  the  action  of  pyrogallol,  thus  furnishing  a compound 
which  is  easily  assimilated  and  supplies  those  constituents  of  the  blood  which  are 
found  lacking  in  chlorosis  and  anaemia.  It  forms  a red-brown  powder,  insoluble  and 
tasteless,  being  given  in  doses  of  0.2  to  0.5  Gm.  (3  to  8 grains). 

H/EMOL. 

A preparation  closely  allied  to  haemogallol,  being  obtained  in  the  same  manner, 
except  that  zinc-dust  is  employed  as  reducing  agent.  This  is  a dark  brown  insoluble 
powder,  administered  as  a tonic  in  doses  of  0.1  to  0.5  Gm.  (1*4  to  8 grains). 

HELENIN.  C6HbO.  See  Alantol. 

A stearoptene  obtained  from  the  root  of  Inula  Helenium  (Elecampane  Root)  by 
exhaustion  with  alcohol  and  precipitating  the  resulting  extract  by  pouring  into 
water.  It  forms  white,  acicular  crystals,  which  melt  at  110°  C.  (23  »°  H\),  insoluble  in 
water,  readily  soluble  in  hot  alcohol,  also  in  ether  and  the  oils.  Helenin  is  employed 
in  treatment  of  whooping  cough,  bronchitis  and  tubercular  coughs  in  doses  of  0.01  Gm. 
(1*6  grain) 

HELIOTROPIN.  See  Piperonal. 

HOMATROPINE.  CiaH21N03. 

Synonym  : Oxy-toluol-tropine. 

An  artificial  alkaloid  obtained  from  tropine  mandelate,  prepared  synthetically  by 
Ladenburg  from  tropic  acid  and  tropin,  the  two  derivatives  of  atropine.  This  forms 
colorless,  very  hygroscopic  crystals,  slightly  soluble  in  water.  Its  action  is  like  that  of 
atropine,  but  less  persistent  and  weaker,  causing,  when  applied  to  the  eye,  rapid  dila- 
tion of  the  pupil,  which  passe*  off  sooner  than  that  of  atropine.  Also  given  internally 
in  treatment  of  the  night-sweats  of  phthisis.  The  maximal  internal  dose  is  0 001  Gm. 
(1-64  grain) ; as  application,  in  1 per  cent,  solution.  The  salts  of  the  alkaloid  are  pre- 
ferred. 

HOMATROPINE  HYDROBROMATE,  (CiaH21N03.  H Br).  because  of  its  ready 
solubility  and  non-hygroscopic  nature,  is  preferred  to  the  alkaloid.  The  dose  and 
properties  are  the  same.  The  other  salts  of  homatropine  are  the  hydrochlorate , sali- 
cylate and  sulphate. 

HYDRACETINE.  CaH5NH-NII-CH3CO. 

Synonyms : Pyrodine  ; Acetyl-phenyl-hydrazine. 

This  compound  may  be  looked  upon  as  hydrazine  1I2N-NII2,  in  which  a hydrogen 
in  each  of  the  NH2  groups  is  replaced  by  a monovalent  radical,  one  being  a phenyl 
(C6H3),  the  other  being  an  acetyl  (CH3CO)  group,  or  it  may  be  considered  as  being  the 


34 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


I 


acetyl  derivative  of  phenyl-hydrazine.  It  is  obtained  by  heating  together  acetic  anhy- 
dride and  phenyl  hydrazine.  Hydracetine  occurs  in  colorless,  inodorous  aud  tasteless 
crystals,  which  melt  at  128.5°  C.  (263.5°  F.),  soluble  in  50  parts  of  water  and  readily  so 
in  alcohol.  Its  properties  are  those  of  an  antipyretic  and  antirheumatic,  in  doses  of 
0.05  to  0.1  Gm.  (3-5  to  grains).  Care  should  be  taken  in  administering  this  remedy, 
because  of  its  powerful  and  toxic  properties. 

HYDRASTINE.  C21H21N06. 

An  alkaloid  obtained  from  the  rhizome  of  Hydrastis  canadensis.  It  occurs  in 
yellowish  white  crystals  which  melt  at  132°  C.  (269.6°  F.),  of  intensely  bitter  taste,  insol- 
uble in  water,  readily  soluble  in  alcohol  and  ether.  Hydrastine  is  employed  in 
metrorrhagia,  also  as  a tonic  and  antiperiodic  in  doses  of  0.015  to  0.03  Gm.  (H  to 
grain).  It  is  not  used  externally,  because  of  its  insolubility. 

HYDRASTINE  HYDRO  CHLORATE  forms  a pale  yellow,  crystalline  powder,  of 
very  bitter  taste,  readily  soluble  in  water  and  alcohol.  It  is  employed  in  gonorrhoea, 
conjunctivitis,  leucorrhoea,  etc.,  externally  in  various  dermal  affections  in  a one  per 
cent  ointment  or  lotion. 

HYDRASTININE.  CnHnN02. 

This  is  obtained  as  the  oxidation  product  of  hydrastine  by  nitric  acid.  It  forms 
acicular  crystals,  melting  at  116°  to  117°  C.  (240.8°  to  242.6°  F.),  insoluble  in  water, 
readily  soluble  in  alcohol  and  ether. 

HYDRASTININE  HYDROCHLORIDE  is  usually  employed  in  medicine  became 
of  its  ready  solubility.  It  occurs  in  yellow  crystals  which  melt  at  205°  C.  (401°  F.).  It 
is  employed  as  a uterine  haemostatic,  also  in  dysmenorrhoea,  metrorrhagia,  etc.,  in 
doses  of  0.025  Gm.  (%  grain).  As  a subcutaneous  injection  ^ to  1 Cc.  of  a 10#  aqueous 
solution  once  daily. 

HYDROCHINON.  See  Hydroquinone. 

HYDROCINNAMIC  ACID.  See  Beta-phenyl-propionic  acid. 

HYDRONAPHTHOL. 

An  antiseptic  and  disinfectant,  said  to  be  obtained  from  beta-naphthol  by  reduc- 
tion, in  which  a hydrogen  atom  is  replaced  by  the  hydroxyl  group.  Usually  given  in 
keratin  or  salol-coated  pills  containing  0.1  to  0.2  Gm.  (1^  to  3 grains).  For  external 
use,  in  a one  per  cent,  solution. 

HYDROQUINONE.  C6H4  (OH)a  (1:4). 

Synonyms:  Ilydrochinon;  Para-dioxybenzol. 

This  body  is  an  isomer  of  resorcin,  being  prepared  by  the  oxidation  of  aniline  with 
chromic  acid  mixture.  It  forms  colorless,  hexagonal  prisms,  which  melt  at  169°  C. 
(336.2°  F.),  difficultly  soluble  in  cold  water,  readily  so  in  hot  water,  in  alcohol  and  in 
ether.  Hydroquinone  is  used  as  an  antiferment,  antiseptic  and  antipyretic  ; as  anti- 
pyretic its  dose  is  1 Gm.  (15  grains) ; as  an  injection  or  wash  in  10#  solution. 

Hydroquinone  is  largely  employed  as  a photograph  ic  developer. 

HYDROXYLAMINE  HYDROCHLORIDE.  NHaOH.HCU 
Synonym : Oxy-ammonium  chloride. 

Hydroxylamine  may  be  regarded  as  ammonia,  NH3.  in  which  a hydrogen  atom  is 
replaced  by  the  hydroxyl  group  OH.  This  base  is  obtained  by  interaction  between 
sulphurous  and  nitrous  acids  at  low  temperature.  Hydroxylamine  hydrochlorate 
forms  colorless,  hygroscopic,  crystalline  plates,  readily  soluble  in  water,  glycerin  and 
alcohol.  It  is  characterized  by  its  great  reducing  power,  precipitating  such  metals  as 
gold,  silver  and  mercury  from  their  solutions;  it  likewise  reduces  Fehling’s  solution. 
This’compound  is  employed  as  an  antiseptic  in  place  of  chrysarobin.  pyrogallol  and 
anthrarobin  in  treatment  of  skin  diseases  as  a 1-10  to  4-10  per  cent  solution. 

HYOSCINE.  (Scopolamine,  Schmidt).  Ci7H21N04. 

This  amorphous  alkaloid  occurs,  along  with  atropine  and  hyoscy amine,  in  the  vari- 
ous solanaceous  plants,  particularly  the  seeds  of  Hyoscyamus  niqer.  Hyoscine  is  identi- 
cal with,  or,  according  to  Schmidt  and  Hesse,  it  is  Scopolamint  (Ci7H21N04),  as  obtained 
from  the  roots  of  the  Scopolia  atropoides  ; commercial  hyosciue  being  scopolamine. 
Among  the  various  salts  employed  are  the  hydrobromate,  hydrochlorate,  hydro  iodate 
and  sulphate.  It  is  stated  that  a solution  of  scopolamine,  1 to  100U,  is  five  times  stronger 
than  the  same  solution  of  atropin. 

HYOSCINE  HYDROBROMATE  (C17H21N04.HBr-f-3H20)  occurs  in  colorless, 
permanent,  odorless,  acrid  crystals.  It  is  employed  as  a hypnotic  and  sedative  in 
various  mental  diseases,  also  as  an  antaphrodisiac,  antisialagogue  and  mydriatic.  Its 
dose  as  a hypnotic  in  insanity  is  0/02  Gm.  (1-30  grain),  as  sedative  0.0004  to  0.0006  Gm. 
(1-150  to  1-100  grain).  Subcutaneously,  as  hypnotic,  0.0004  to  0.0006  Gm.  (1-150  to  1-100 
grain),  as  sedative  0.0002  to  0.0003  Gm.  (1-300  to  1-200  grain).  As  a mydriatic  a 1#  solution 
is  used.  Antidotes  the  same  as  for  atropine 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


35 


HYOSCYAMIN  E.  C17HaaN03. 

An  alkaloid  which  occurs  with  hyoscine  and  atropine  in  the  seeds  and  leaves  of 
the  Hyoscyamus  Niger , also  found  in  roots  of  the  Scopolia  Atropoides  and  Japonica , 
also  m the  leaves  of  the  Duboisia  Myoporides , etc.  It  forms  white,  silky,  permanent 
crystals,  melting  at  1<i8.5°  C.  (227.3°  F.),  almost  insoluble  in  water,  readily  soluble  in 
alcohol  and  ether.  The  action  of  hyoscyamine  is  like  that  of  atropine,  but  it  is  chiefly 
employed  as  a hypnotic  in  mental  disorders,  as  an  anodyne  and  antispasmodic  in 
asthma,  eDilepsy.  colics,  etc.  Its  usual  dose  is  y2  to  2 Mg.  (1-120  to  1-30  grain);  as 
hypnotic  for  the  insane  0.0075  to  0.015  Gm.  (%  to  grain. 

Among  the  various  soluble  salts  employed  are  the  hydrobr ornate,  hydrochlorate  and 
sulphate. 

HYPNAL.  (Monochlorantipyrine.)  See  under  Antipyrine. 

HYPNONE.  C6H5-CO-CH3. 

Synonyms:  Acetophenone;  Methyl-phenyl-ketone. 

This  is  a mixed  ketone  obtained  by  the  dry  distillation  of  a mixture  of  calcium 
acetate  and  benzoate.  Hypnone  is  a colorless,  oily  fluid,  of  peculiar  odor  and  pungent 
taste.  Its  sp.  gr.  is  1.032,  and  when  exposed  to  the  temperature  of  14°  C.  (57.2°  F.).  it 
solidifies.  Only  slightly  soluble  in  water,  but  readily  miscible  with  alcohol,  ether  and 
the  fatty  oils.  It  is  employed  as  a hypnotic  in  doses  of  0.05  to  0 2 Gm.  (7-10  to  3 grains), 
or  1 to  3 minims. 

IATROL. 

Synonym : Oxy-iodo-methyl-anilide. 

Nothing  is  known  concerning  the  preparation  of  this  compound,  which  is  described 
as  being  an  inodorous,  non-poisonous  antiseptic,  designed  to  replace  iodoform. 

ICHTHYOL.  Ca8H36S306  (N  H4)3 

Synonym : Ammonium-ichthyol-sulphonate. 

A bituminous  mineral  of  Tyrol,  which  is  rich  in  fossilized  remains  of  aquatic  ani- 
mals, is  subjected  to  dry  distillation,  yielding  a dark,  oily  distillate ; this  is  treated 
with  an  excess  of  sulphuric  acid,  by  which  ichthyol-sulphonic  acid  is  formed  ; this 
product  on  being  purified  and  neutralized  with  ammonia  yields  ammonium  ichthyol- 
sulphonate.  Ichthyol  forms  a thick  brownish  liquid,  of  bituminous  odor  and  taste, 
containing  15£  of  easily  assimilable  sulphur;  its  sp.  gr.  is  1.0U6;  soluble  in  water,  gly- 
cerine. a mixture  of  equal  parts  of  alcohol  and  ether,  and  the  oils.  It  is  employed 
externally  in  various  skin  diseases,  rheumatism,  inflammatory  diseases,  and  in  gynae- 
cological practice;  internally  it  is  given  for  various  affections  of  the  digestive  and 
intestinal  tract,  also  in  treatment  of  scrofula,  syphilis,  etc.  As  external  application, 
from  5 to  ointment  or  solution  is  used ; in  gonorrhoea  1 to  ?>%  solutions  are  em- 
ployed ; the  internal  dose  is  0.2  to  0.6  Gm.  (3  to  10  m.),  3 times  daily  in  pills  or  capsules 

Among  the  various  other  salts  of  ichthyol  sulphonic  acids,  are  the  ichthyol-sul- 
phonates  of  sodium,  magnesium,  zinc  and  mercury.  These  are  black,  tarry-like  masses, 
the  magnesium  salt  making  the  best  pill,  while  the  zinc  salt  is  best  for  injections. 

INDOPHENINE.  See  under  Phenacetine. 

INGESTOL. 

An  opalescent,  yellow  liquid,  recommended  for  the  treatment  of  acute  and  chronic 
disturbances  of  the  stomach  and  intestines,  also  sea-si  jkness.  As  far  as  known,  it  con- 
tains magnesium,  potassium  and  sodium  sulphates,  sodium  chloride,  ferric  chloride 
alcohol  and  water. 

IODANTIFEBRIN.  C6H4 INH  C,H30. 

Synonym : Iodacetanilid. 

Prepared  by  the  action  of  iodine  on  acetanilid.  It  forms  a crystalline  powder, 
insoluble  in  water.  As  far  as  its  action  is  concerned  it  is  almost  inert.  Nothing  is 
known  concerning  its  properties. 

IODINE  TRI-CHLORIDE.  IC13. 

Prepared  by  passing  dry  chlorine  gas  over  dry  iodine  which  is  warmed;  the  iodine 
trichloride  which  forms  sublimes  in  the  cooler  portions  of  the  apparatus 
Orange  to  yellow,  hygroscopic  needles,  which  melt  at  25°  C.  (77°  F.),  fumin^  ori 
exposure  to  the  air;  when  warmed  it  decomposes  into  iodine  monochloride* and 
chlorine.  Soluble  in  alcohol  and  water;  when  dissolved  in  a large  excess  of  the  latter 
decomposition  ensues.  Iodine  terchloride  is  a powerful  antiseptic  and  disinfectant 
(1:1000),  its  value  depending  upon  the  liberation  of  chlorine,  which  is  rendered  still 
more  active  by  the  presence  of  iodine. 

IODO-CAFFEI N E.  See  under  Caffeine. 


36 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


IODO-PHENO-CH  LORAL. 

This  is  a mixture  of  equal  parts  of  tincture  of  iodine,  carbolic  acid,  and  chloral 
hydrate,  forming  a brown-colored  fluid,  which  is  recommended  as  a parasiticide  in  cer- 
tain skin  diseases. 

IODOPYRINE.  See  under  Antipyrine. 

IODOL.  C4I4NH. 

Synonym:  Teti  aiodopyrrol. 

To  a solution  of  pyrrol  (1  part)  in  alcohol  (10  parts),  a solution  of  iodine  (12  parts) 
in  alcohol  (240  parts)  is  added,  and  allowed  to  stand  24  hours ; on  mixing  this  product 
with  four  times  its  volume  of  water,  iodol  separates  in  yellow  flocks.  lodol,  which 
contains  89^  of  iodine,  forms  a pale  yellow,  inodorous,  tasteless  powder,  insoluble  in 
water,  soluble  in  3 parts  of  alcohol,  15  parts  of  ether,  50  parts  of  chloroform  and  15 
parts  of  oil.  Iodol  was  introduced  as  a substitute  for  iodoform,  possessing  the  advan- 
tage of  being  inodorous  and  non-toxic. 

IODOL-CAFFEINE  (C8H10N4O2-j-C4T4NH)  is  a crystalline  compound,  made  by  the 
interaction  between  molecular  weights  of  iodol  and  caffeine  in  concentrated  alcoholic 
solution.  It  forms  an  inodorous,  tasteless,  crystalline  powder,  insoluble  in  the  usual 
solvents.  Used  as  an  antiseptic  like  iodol,  of  which  it  contains  74.6  per  cent. 

IOD  0 CA  SEIN , a new  antiseptic  and  iodoform  substitute.  It  is  a yellowish  powder, 
with  a faint  iodine  odor. 

I O DO-T HEOBROM1NE.  See  under  Caffeine 

IRON  ALBUMINATE. 

Synonym : Ferrum  Albuminatum. 

This  is  a compound  of  ferrio  chloride  and  albumen,  forming  golden-yellow,  trans- 
parent scales,  which  are  soluble  in  water.  See  Dispensatories. 

IRON,  OXIDE  SACCHARATED,  SOLUBLE. 

Synonym : Ferrum  Oxydatum  Saccharatum  Solubile. 

This  is  a red-brown  colored  powder,  of  sweet  taste,  soluble  in  20  parts  of  hot  water. 
For  method  of  preparation,  see  Dispensatories. 

IRON  PEPTONATE. 

Synonym : Ferrum  Peptonatum . 

This  forms  red-brown  scales,  which  are  soluble  in  water.  This  is  a compound  of 
ferric  chloride  and  peptone  (digested  albumen).  See  Dispensatories. 

5-ISOAMYLENE.  See  Pental. 

IZAL.  See  under  Cresol. 

JEQUIRITIN.  SeeAbrin. 

JESSANODINE. 

A proprietary  antiseptic  and  analgesic. 

K A I R I N . See  under  Chinolin. 

K A I R O L I N . See  under  Chinolin. 

KAPUTINE. 

This  is  said  to  be  merely  a colored  Acetanilid. 

KEPHALINE. 

A proprietary  headache  remedy. 

KLINOL. 

A pro;  rietary  antipyretic  and  analgesic. 

KOSIN.  C31H38O10. 

Synonyms : Koussein  ; Kussin  ; Kosein. 

A bitter  principle,  isolated  from  the  flowers  of  Hagenia  abyssinica , Willd.  This 
forms  inodorous,  tasteless,  yellow-colored  crystalline  needles,  which  melt  at  142°  C. 
(287.6°  F.).  insoluble  in  water,  readily  soluble  in  alcohol,  ether  and  the  alkalies.  Kosin 
is  employed  as  an  anthelmintic  and  taeniafuge  in  doses  of  1 to  2 Gm.  (15  to  30  grains). 

KRESAPOL.  See  under  Cresol. 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES.  3? 


KRESIN.  See  under  Cresol. 

KOUSSEIN.  See  Kosin. 

KUSSIN.  See  Kosin. 

LABORDINE. 

A secret  remedy,  forming  a greyish  powder,  slightly  soluble  in  water,  soluble  in 
alcohol.  It  is  stated  to  contain  acetanilid,  caffeine,  saccharin  and  possibly  a little 
apiol. 

LACTOL,  OR  LACTO-NAPHTHOL. 

A lactic  ester  of  b.-naphthol.  similar  to  benzo-naphthol.  In  the  organism  it  is  split 
up  into  lactic  acid  and  b.-naphthol.  hence  is  used  as  an  intestinal  antiseptic.  It  forms 
a colorless  and  tasteless  powder.  Dose,  about  0.25  to  0.5  Gm.  (3.5  to  8 grains). 

LACTOPHENINE.  See  under  Phenetidine. 

LACTYL-PHENETIDINE.  See  under  Phenetidine. 

L/EVULOSE.  See  Diabetin. 

LAMIN. 

An  alkaloid  obtained  from  the  flowers  of  Lamium  album.  Employed  in  the  form 
of  a sulphate  or  hydrochloride  in  subcutaneous  injections  as  a powerful  haemostatic. 

LANOLIN,  SULPHURATED.  See  Thilanin. 

LANTANIN. 

An  alkaloid  occurring  in  the  herb  Lantana  Braziliensis.  Forms  a white,  bitter, 
crystalline  powder,  which  is  employed  as  an  antiperiodic  and  antipyretic  in  doses  of  1 
to  2 Gm.  (15  to  30  grains). 

LEUKO  ALIZARIN.  See  Anthrarobin . 

LIPANIN. 

A mixture  of  olive  oil,  with  of  oleic  acid,  offered  as  a substitute  for  cod-liver  oil. 

LIQUOR  ANTHRACIS  SIMPLICIS,  AND  COM POSITUS. 

An  antiseptic  preparation  of  coal-tar,  of  the  consistence  of  a thin  fluid,  which, 
when  spread  in  thin  layers,  evaporates  rapidly.  A solution  of  sulphur,  resorcin  and 
salicylic  acid  in  Liquor  Anthracis  Simplicis  constitutes  the  “Compound  Solution.” 
Nothing  is  known  as  to  the  solvent  and  method  of  preparation. 

LIQUOR  ANTISEPTICUS-VOLKMANN. 

An  antiseptic  solution  supposed  to  contain  alcohol  (10),  Glycerin  (200)  and  water  (100). 

LITHIUM  DIURETIN.  See  Uropherin . 

LITHIUM  SALTS. 

BENZOATE  C6H5COO  Li.  Equal  molecular  weights  of  lithium  carbonate  and 
salicylic  acid  are  brought  together  with  sufficient  water  and  heated  until  solution  has 
taken  place ; the  resulting  solution  of  lithium  benzoate  is  evaporated  to  dryness  on  a 
water-bath.  This  salt  occurs  as  a fine,  white  powder  or  in  scales,  which  are  soluble  in 
3 parts  of  cold  water  and  10  parts  of  alcohol.  Is  employed  in  the  treatment  of  rheu 
matism  in  doses  of  0.5  to  1 Gm.  (8  to  15  grains). 

S-C6H3(OH)COO  Li 

DITHIOSALICYLATE  1.  | Obtained  by  neutralizing  dithio 

S-C«TT3(OH)COO  Li 

salicylic  acid  1 (q.  v.)  with  lithium  carbonate.  This  is  a yellow  powder,  readily  soluble 
in  water  and  insoluble  in  alcohol.  The  therapeutic  properties  and  dose  of  this  sail 
have  not  been  determined. 

DITHIOSALICYLATE  2 is  obtained  by  neutralizing  dithiosalicylic  acid  2 (q.  v.) 
with  lithium  carbonate.  This  salt  forms  an  amorphous  powder  which  is  soluble  in 
water  and  alcohol.  Employed  in  treatment  of  rheumatism  aud  gout 

FORMA  TE.  HCOO  Li-f  II20.  Obtained  by  neutralizing  formic  acid  with  lithium 
carbonate,  recrystallizing  the  resulting  salt.  It  forms  colorless  needles  which  are 
very  soluble  in  water.  Employed  in  rheumatism  and  gout ; dose,  about  0.2  Gm. 
(3  grains), 

SALICYLATP. , C6H4(OH)COO  Li,  is  obtained  by  neutralizing  an  equivalent  amount 
of  salicylic  acid  (138  p.)  with  lithium  carbonate  (37  p.)  in  the  presence  of  water  con- 
taining a little  alcohol ; the  resulting  solution  should  have  a slight  acid  reaction. 
This  salt  forms  a white,  readily  soluble,  crystalline  powder,  which  is  employed  in 
treatment  of  acute  and  chronic  rheumatism  in  doses  of  0.5  to  1 Gm.  (8  to  15  grains). 


38 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


I 


SULPHOICRTHYOLATE  is  obtained  by  neutralizing  ichthyol-suljjhonic  acid 
with  lithium  carbonate.  It  forms  a black  looking,  tarry-like  mass,  which  is  dissolved 
by  water,  forming  a turbid  solution.  Employed  internally  in  treatment  of  rheuma- 
tism, in  doses  of  0.5  Gm.  (8  grains). 

LORETIN.  See  under  Chinolin. 

LOSOPHAN.  C6HI3  (OH)(CH3). 

Synonym : Tri-Iodo-Meta-Cresol. 

This  is  prepared  by  the  action  of  iodine,  in  the  presence  of  an  alkali,  on  o-oxy-p- 
toluic  acid.  Losophan  forms  colorless,  inodorous  crystals,  insoluble  in  water,  soluble 
in  ether  and  the  fixed  oils,  melts  at  121.5°  C.  (250.5°  F.),  and  contains  78.4  per  cent  of 
iodine.  It  is  employed  in  various  parasitic  affections  of  the  skin  in  alcoholic  solution 
(1  to  2 #),  or  as  an  ointment  (1  to  10$). 

LUCILLINE. 

A pure  petroleum  jelly. 

LUPERINE. 

A mixture  of  powdered  gentian,  col  umbo  and  quassia.  Remedy  against  dipso- 
mania. 

LYCETOL.  (Di-methyl-piperazine  tartrate)  (NH  (CH2.CHCH3)2NH). 

This  is  obtained  by  distilling  glycerin  with  ammonium  bromide,  and  reducing  the 
resulting  product  (di-methyl-pyrazine)  with  metallic  sodium ; is  said  to  be  more 
efficacious  as  a solvent  for  uric  acid  than  piperazine.  The  dose  is  the  same  as  that  of 
piperazine. 

LYSIDIN.  (CH2N)(CH2NH)C.CH3. 

Synonym : Methvl-glyoxalidin. 

This  base  is  obtained  by  Ladenburg  by  the  interaction  between  ethylen-diamine 
hydrochloride  and  sodium  acetate,  liberating  the  base  from  its  salt  by  means  of  a 
caustic  alkali.  It  is  described  as  being  a bright  red-colored  crystalline  mass,  very 
hygroscopic  and  characterized  by  a pecu'iar  mouse  like  odor.  Because  of  its 
extremely  hygroscopic  nature  it  is  now  placed  on  the  market  in  the  form  of  a 50  per 
cent,  solution.  This  is  a pale  yellowish  liquid  of  soap-like  feeling  when  rubbed 
between  the  fingers;  its  sp  gr.  is  1.054  and  boiling  point  about  108°  C.  (226.4°  F.).  It 
precipitates  solutions  of  mercuric  chloride  and  iodide,  soluble  in  excess  of  lysidin; 
ferric  chloride  forms  a brown  precipitate,  soluble  in  excess  of  the  reagent.  One 

gramme  of  lysidin  (cryst.)  requires  5 Cc.  of  y hydrochloric  acid  v.s.  for  neutralization, 

phenol-phtalein  being  the  indicator.  Lysidin  is  recommended  as  a solvent  for  uric 
acid  deposits,  being  given  in  doses  of  1 to  5 Gm.  (15  to  75  grains)  daily,  dissolved  in 
excess  of  carbonated  water.  Where  the  solution  (50#)  is  employed  an  equivalent 
double  amount  i 5 used. 

LYSOL.  See  under  Cresol. 


MAGNESIUM  SALTS. 

BENZOATE.  (C6H5COO)2Mg.  Magnesium  carbonate  is  mixed  with  sufficient 
water  to  form  a smooth  paste;  to  this  is  then  added  an  equivalent  (molecular)  quan- 
tity of  benzoic  acid,  and  the  solution  evaporated  to  dryness.  It  forms  a white 
crystalline  powder,  soluble  in  20  parts  of  cold  water.  Employed  in  the  treatment  of 
gout,  urinary  calculi,  etc.  It  has  been  recommended  by  Klebs  in  treatment  of  tube*  - 
culosis. 

LACTATE.  (C3H503)2Mg-h3H20.  Lactic  acid,  previously  diluted  with  water,  is 
neutralized  with  magnesium  carbouate.  evaporated  and  crystallized.  It  forms  color- 
less crystals  which  are  soluble  in  30  parts  of  cold  water.  Employed  as  a laxative  in 
doses  of  1 to  3 Gm.  (15  to  45  grains). 

PHENOLSTJLPHON ATE.  This  salt,  which  occurs  as  white,  almost  odorless, 
needles,  with  a bitter,  not  disagreeable,  taste,  has  been  recommended  as  an  antiseptic 
purgative  in  doses  of  15  to  30  grains.  The  alkaline  character  of  the  salt  is  an  advan 
tage,  as  it  diminishes  the  danger  of  intestinal  irritation.  The  salt  is  soluble  in  2 parts 
of  water  and  5 parts  of  alcohol. 

SALICYLATE.  (C6H4(0H)C00)2Mg-h4H20.  Salicylic  acid  is  dissolved  in  boiling 
water  and  neutralized  with  magnesium  carbonate,  evaporated  and  crystallized.  It 
forms  colorless,  hygroscopic  crystals  which  arte  readily  soluble  in  water  and  alcohol. 
Employed  in  abdominal  typhus  in  doses  of  1 to  2 Gm.  (15  to  30  grains) 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


39 


M ALA  K I N . C6H4(OCaH6).N:CH.C6H4(OH). 

Synonyms : Salicyl-phenetidine  ; Salicyliden-phenetidine. 

This  is  a condensation  product  of  p-phenetidine  and  salicylic  aldehyde,  occurring 
in  bright  yellow  needles,  which  melt  at  92°  C.  (197.6°  F.),  almost  insoluble  in  water  and 
alcohol  and  decomposed  by  dilute  mineral  acids.  Malakin  is  recommended  as  an  anti- 
pyretic and  and  antirheumatic  in  doses  of  1 Gm.  (15  grains). 

MERCURY  SALTS  AND  COMPOUNDS. 

MERCUROUS  ACETATE.  (CH3COO)2Hg2.  A solution  of  mercurous  nitrate  is 
poured,  under  constant  stirring  and  away  from  access  of  light,  into  a cold  solution  of 
sodium  acetate ; the  precipitate  formed  is  allowed  to  stand  in  a cool  place  for  12 
hours,  then  washed  with  a little  water  and  alcohol,  and  dried  at  a low  temperature. 
It  forms  white,  glassy  scales,  which  turn  gray  on  exposure  to  heat  or  light,  particu- 
larly when  moistened  with  water;  soluble  in  30: i parts  of  water  and  insoluble  in 
alcohol.  Employed  in  treatment  of  syphilis  in  form  of  pill,  dose  being  0.01  to  0 06  Gm. 
(1-6  to  1 grain),  externally  in  ointments  (1 :10:25). 

MERCURY  AETHYL  CHLORIDE  is  obtained  by  mixing  equal  parts  of  mercuric 
chloride  (dissolved  in  alcohol)  and  mercury  ethide  ; the  resulting  aethylchloride  forms 
colorless  shining  scales,  of  unpleasant  ethereal  odor,  slightly  soluble  in  water  and 
alcohol.  Because  of  its  indifference  to  albumen,  it  is  recommended  for  subcutaneous 
injection  in  place  of  mercuric  chloride. 

MERCUR  Y A ML D OPR  OPI  ON  A TE , OR  ALAN  A TE,  is  prepared  by  neutralizing 
amidopropionic  acid  with  mercuric  oxide,  evaporating  and  crystallizing.  Forms  a 
white  crystalline  soluble  powder.  Employed  for  subcutaneous  injections  in  place  of 
mercuric  chloride. 

Dose,  0.005  to  0.01  Gm.  (1-12  to  1-6  grain). 

MERCURY  ALBUMINATE  is  obtained  by  pouring  a solution  of  albumen  (1:8) 
into  a 1%  mercuric  chloride  solution,  the  former  being  in  slight  excess.  The  solution 
is  allowed  to  stand  for  48  hours;  the  clear  solution  is  then  decanted  from  the  precipi- 
tate, which  is  at  once  mixed  with  sugar  of  milk  and  dried  in  an  exsiccator,  adding 
sufficient  milk  sugar,  so  that  the  resulting  powder  contains  1 to  1.5#  of  mercury  albu- 
minate. This  preparation  is  used  as  an  antiseptic  dusting  powder  in  surgery. 

MERCURIC-OXIDE- ASPAR AGIN  (C2H3(NH2)(CONH2)(COO)2Hg,  is  an  aqueous 
solution  prepared  by  adding  0.72  Gm.  of  freshly  precipitated  mercuric  oxide  to  a 
solution  of  1 gramme  of  asparagin  in  5 Gm.  of  water,  shaking  frequently  for  some 
time,  filtering,  and  adding  water  to  72  Cc.  This  solution  ( 1 %)  is  used  subcutaneously 
in  treating  syphilitic  diseases. 

MERCURIC  BENZOATE^  (C6H6C00)2Hg+H20,  is  obtained  by  precipitating  a 
solution  of  mercuric  nitrate  with  a solution  of  sodium  benzoate.  This  forms  a white, 
crystalline,  inodorous,  tasteless  powder,  slightly  soluble  in  water,  but  readily  soluble 
in  a solution  of  common  salt.  Employed  subcutaneously  in  treatment  of  syphilis, 
the  solution  being  prepared  from  3 parts  of  the  benzoate,  1 part  of  sodium  chloride 
and  400  parts  of  water,  one  syringeful  being  given  daily. 

MERCURIC- CHLORIDE-UREA.  To  a cold  solution  of  1 Gm.  of  mercuric 
chloride  in  100  Cc.  of  water,  0.5  Gm.  of  urea  is  added,  and,  when  solution  has  taken 
place,  filtered.  Employed  subcutaneously  in  syphilis ; 1 Cc.  of  the  solution  contains 
0.01  Gm.  of  mercuric  chloride. 

MERCURIC  CYANIDE , Hg(CN)2,  is  made  by  passing  hydrocyanic-acid  gas 
through  water  which  contains  freshly  precipitated  yellow  oxide  of  mercury;  the  solu- 
tion is  then  filtered,  evaporated  and  crystallized  (caution  ! !).  This  forms  colorless 
crystals,  which  are  very  soluble  in  water  and  alcohol.  Employed  in  syphilitic  diseases 
subcutaneously  (0.1  Gm.  in  10  Cc.  water),  to  1 syringeful  daily.  Great  caution 
should  be  observed  in  administering  this  remedy. 

MERCURY  CARBOLATE  OR  PHENATE.  (C«H60)2Hg+H20.  An  alcoholic 
solution  of  mercuric  chloride  is  added  to  an  alcoholic  solution  of  sodium  phenate,  the 
solution  is  evaporated  to  dryness,  and  the  product  washed  with  water,  then  crystal- 
lized from  alcohol.  Mercury  phenate  forms  colorless  needles,  almost  insoluble  in  cold 
water  and  alcohol.  Employed  in  syphilis  in  doses  of  0.016  to  0.032  Gm.  04  to 
grain). 

MERCURIC  FORMAMIDATEy  (HCONH)2Hg,  is  a solution  resulting  fr  m the 
solvent  action  of  formamide  on  freshly  precipitated  mercuric  oxide.  Each  cubic 
centimeter  corresponds  to  0.01  Gm.  mere  jric  chloride.  Employed  subcutaneously  in 
syphilis  (0.1  to  10). 

MERCURY  GALL  ATE.  Molecular  quantities  of  gallic  acid  and  yellow  mercuric 
oxide  are  mixed  with  water  and  evaporated  to  dryness.  This  forms  a greenish-biack, 
insoluble  powder,  which  is  used  as  an  antisyphilitic  in  place  of  the  less  stable  tannate. 


40 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


I 


MERCURY  IMID O-SUCCINA TE  OR  ASPAR AGIN ATE.  [C2H4(CO)2N]2Hg. 
Freshly  precipitated  mercur  c oxide  is  warmed  with  an  aqueous  solution  of  succini- 
mide,  the  filtered  solution  is  evaporated  and  crystallized.  It  forms  a lustrous  crystal- 
line powder,  soluble  in  25  parts  of  water  and  300  parts  of  alcohol.  Subcutaneously  in- 
jected in  doses  of  0.01  Gm.  (l-fi^grain). 

MERCURIC  NAPHTOL ATE.  (C10H7O)2Hg.  A solution  of  mercuric  nitrate  is 
precipitated  by  means  of  6-sodium  naphtolate  ; the  resulting  precipitate  forms,  when 
washed  and  dried,  an  inodorous,  insoluble  powder,  employed  externally  in  skin 
diseases,  internally  in  treatment  of  typhus.  Dose,  0.05  Gm.  (1  grain). 

MERCURIC  OXYCY AMIDE,  Hg20(CN)2,  is  a white  crystalline  soluble  powder, 
which  is  said  to  be  six  times  more  powerful  as  an  antiseptic  than  corrosive  sublimate, 
at  the  same  time  possessing  the  advantages  of  being  neutral,  less  caustic  and  not 
coagulating  albumen.  As  an  antiseptic  wash,  so'utions  of  1 to  1,500  are  employed 

MERCURIC  PEPTONATE.  a yellowish  solution,  which  contains  mercuric 
chloride  1 part,  peptoue  3 parts  and  sodium  chloride  3 parts,  dissolved  in  100  parts  of 
water.  This  is  employed  for  subcutaneous  injections,  since  it  does  not  cause  pain  nor 
produce  abscesses.  The  dose  is  1 Cc.  corresponding  to  0.01  Gm.  (1-6  grain)  of  mercuric 
chloride. 

GLUTIVE-PEPT ONE-SUBLIMATE  is  a compound  of  mercuric  chloride  (25 %) 
with  glutine  peptone  hydrochloride.  This  forms  a white  hygroscopic  powder,  which 
is  used  in  subcutaneous  injections,  the  dose  being  0.01  Gm.  (1-6  grain). 

MERCURY-POTASSIUM-HYPOSULPHITE . 3Hg  (S203)2+5K2S203,  isVepared 
by  dissolving  freshly  precipitated  mercuric  oxide  in  a solution  of  potassium  hyposul- 
phite, evaporating  and  crystallizing.  This  salt  is  employed  for  subcutaneous  injections. 

MERCURIC  RESORCINATE.  The  precipitate  obtained  by  interaction  between 
solutions  of  mercuric  acetate  and  sodium  resorcinate  is  dissolved  in  excess  of  mercuric 
acetate,  evaporated  and  crystallized.  This  forms  a dark  yellow,  crystalline  powder, 
insoluble  in  the  usual  solvents.  For  subcutaneous  injections  the  following  formula 
may  be  used : 

Hydrargyri  Resorc.-acetici  - - 5.6  Gm,;  Paraffin  liquid  - - 5.5 Gm.;  Lanolin anhyd . 
2.0  Gm.;  eich  1 Cc.  contains  0.387  Gm.  of  mercury;  the  fluid  should  be  warmed 
before  use,  and  not  more  than  0.2  Cc.  employed  weekly. 

MERCURIC  SALICYLATE,  C6H4<c£0>Hg.  This  may  be  prepared  by 

interaction  between  solutions  of  sodium  salicylate  and  mercuric  nitrate,  or  by  warm- 
ing together  equivalent  quantities  of  salicylic  acid  and  freshly  precipitated  mercuric, 
oxide  in  the  presence  of  water  on  a water-bath,  until  the  yellow  mercuric  oxide  has 
been  entirely  converted  into  the  white  salicylate.  This  forms  a white,  inodorous, 
tasteless  and  amorphous  powder,  which  is  insoluble  in  water  and  alcohol,  but  is 
readily  dissolved  bv  a solution  of  sodium  chloride  or  any  of  the  halogen  salts.  It  is 
given  in  doses  0.001  to  0.008  Gm.  (1-64  to  % grain). 

MERCURY  SOZOIODOL , (C6H2T2(OH)S03)Hg,  is  obtained  as  a precipitate,  on 
mixing  concentrated  aqueous  solutions  of  sodium  sozoiodol  and  mercuric  nitrate.  It 
forms  a fine,  yellow  powder,  which  is  soluble  in  500  parts  of  water,  but  freely  taken  up 
by  a solution  of  sodium  chloride  or  any  of  the  halogen  salts.  This  salt  is  employed 
chiefly  in  the  treatment  of  syphilis,  locally  and  subcutaneously.  The  subcutaneous 
dose  is  0.06  Gm.  (1  grain).  For  antiseptic  applications  a 1 to  2#  ointment,  dusting 
powder  or  wash  may  be  employed. 

MERCUROUS  T ANN  ATE  is  prepared  by  rubbing  a concentrated  solution  of 
mercurous  nitrate  with  a solution  of  tannin  until  a pasty  mass  separates  ; this  is  then 
washed  with  water  by  trituration  and  dried  at  40°  C (104°  F.).  It  forms  brownish- 
green  scales,  which  are  not  soluble  (without  decomposition)  in  water  or  alcohol.  Em- 
ployed in  syphilis  in  doses  of  0.06  to  0.13  Gm.  (1  to  2 grains). 

MERCURY  THYMOLATE , O10Hi3O  Hg  OH,  is  obtained  by  precipitating  a solu- 
tion of  mercuric  nitrate  with  sodium-thymolate.  An  unstable,  violet-green  powder. 

MERCURY  THYMOLACETATE,  C10H13O  Hg+Hg  CH3COO,  is  prepared  by  dis- 
solving the  above  mercury  thymolate  in  a concentrated  hot  solution  of  mercuric  ace- 
tate ; on  cooling,  the  double  salt  crystallizes  out.  I.t  forms  a crystalline  insoluble 
powder,  containing  5 7%  of  mercury.  Both  of  these  salts  are  used  internally  in  doses  of 
0.005  to  0.01  Gm.  (1-12  to  1-6  grain);  when  used  subcutaneously  it  should  be  suspended  in 
paraffin  oil  as  directed  under  mercuric  resorcinate. 

MERCURY  TRIBROM-PHENOL-ACETATE.  A hot  solution  of  tribrom-phe- 
nolate  of  sodium  is  precipitated  by  a solution  of  mercuric  acetate,  the  resulting  pre- 
cipitate is  then  dissolved  in  a hot  concentrated  solution  of  mercuric  acetate,  which,  on 
cooling,  deposits  yellow  crystals  of  the  above  salt.  This  contains  29.3#  of  mercury,  and 
is  employed  subcutaneously  in  treatment  of  syphilis. 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


41 


META-DI-HYDROXY-BENZENE.  See  Resorcin. 

METHACETINE.  C6H4.OCH3.NHCH3CO. 

Synonyms:  Para-acetanisidine;  Para-oxymethyl-acetanilide. 

This  is  an  analogous  compound  to  phenacetine,  being  the  methyl  ester  of  para 
phenetidine,  or  it  may  be  regarded  as  acetanilide  in  which  a hydrogen  in  the  benzene 
nucleus  is  substituted  by  an  oxy-methyl  group  (-OCH3).  Methacetine  forms  colorless, 
inodorous  and  tasteless,  scaly  crystals,  which  melt  at  127°  C.  (260.6°  F.),  almost 
insoluble  in  cold  water,  but  readily  soluble  in  hot  water,  also  in  alcohol,  glycerin  and 
the  fatty  oils.  It  is  recommended  as  an  antipyretic  and  antineuralgic  in  doses  of  0 032 
to  0.5  Gin.  to  8 grains);  0.5  Gm.  of  methacetine  corresponds  to  1 Gm.  of  phenacetine 
as  antipyretic,  and  1 Gm.  of  the  former  corresponds  to  2 Gm.  of  the  latter  as  anti- 
neuralgic. 

pMETHOXY-ANTI  PYRIN.  See  under  Antipyrine. 

METH  YL-ACET AN  I LI  D.  See  Exalgine. 

METHYLAL.  CHa(OCH3)a. 

Synonym : Methyl en-dimethy  1-ether. 

This  fluid  is  obtained  by  the  abstraction  of  one  molecule  of  water  from  a com- 
pound of  one  molecule  of  formaldehyde  and  two  of  methyl-alcohol  ; the  resulting  pro- 
duct belongs  to  the  group  of  organic  bodies  known  as  •‘acetals.”  It  is  a colorless 
liquid,  of  an  ethereal  odor,  soluble  in  water,  alcohol  and  ether ; its  sp.  gr.  is  0.855  (15°0.) 
and  boiling-point  is  42°  C.  (107.6°  F.).  Methylal  is  recommended  as  a hypnotic  in  doses 
of  1 to  5 Gm.  (15  to  75  grains). 

METHYL  CHLORIDE  CH,C1. 

Synonyms : Chiormethyl ; Monochlormethane. 

This  gaseous  compound  is  made  by  heating  methyl  alcohol  and  hydrochloric  acid 
under  pressure  at  100°C.;  the  gas  produced  is  washed  and  dried,  and  then  compressed 
in  copper  or  steel  cylinders  at  low  temperature  with  pressure.  Methyl  chloride  forms 
a colorless  and  inflammable  gas  of  an  ethereal  odor,  which,  under  a pressure  of  five 
atmospheres  or  at  a temperature  of  -25°C.,  is  converted  into  a liquid.  It  appears  in 
commerce  in  the  compressed  liquid  form,  which  is  employed  as  a spray  to  produce 
local  anaesthesia.  A minute  stream  of  the  liquid  is  directed  upon  a tampon  of  wool 
and  silk  placed  over  the  surface  to  be  anaesthetized ; the  rapid  evaporation  produced 
absorbs  the  heat  from  the  parts  and  leaves  them  bloodless  and  insensible. 

RICHARDSON'S  COMPOUND  LIQUID  consists  of  a mixture  of  ether  and  chloro- 
form saturated  with  methyl  chloride ; has  been  recommended  as  a substitute  for 
chloroform. 

METHYLENE  BICHLORIDE.  See  Methylene  Chloride. 

METHYLENE  BLUE. 

Synonym : Tetra-methyl-thionine  chloride. 

A complex  derivative  of  diphenylamine,  classed  as  an  “aniline  dye.”  This  salt 
occurs  in  dark  blue  or  reddish-brown  crystals  or  crystalline  powder,  of  a bronze-like 
tinge,  slightly  soluble  in  water  and  alcohol,  producing  a deep  blue  solution.  Methyl- 
ene blue  is  employed  internally  as  an  analgesic  in  neuralgic  and  rheumatic  affection* 
in  doses  of  0.13  to  0.5  Gm.  (2  to  8 grains),  or  subcutaneously  in  doses  of  0.016  to  0.06 
Gm.  04  to  1 grain). 

METHYLENE  CHLORIDE.  CHaCla. 

Synonyms : Dichlormethane  ; Methylene  bichloride. 

Prepared  by  the  reducing  action  of  nascent  hydrogen  (from  zinc  and  hydrochloric 
acid)  upon  chloroform,  the  product  being  washed  and  rectified.  This  forms  a color 
less  liquid,  which  resembles  chloroform  in  odor  and  solubility  ; specific  gravity  is  1.354 
(15°  C.);  boiling  point  41.6°  O.  (107°  F.).  Like  pure  chloroform  it  is  readily  decom- 
posed by  the  action  of  sunlight,  hence  the  addition  of  one  per  cent,  of  alcohol  is  re- 
commended. Methylene  chloride  is  recommended  as  an  anaesthetic  in  place  of  chloro- 
form. 

METH YL-GLYOXALI DIN.  See  Lysidin. 

METHYL-PHENACETIN.  See  under  Phenacetine. 

METHYL- PROTOCAT  EC  HU  1C  ALDEHYDE.  See  Vanillin. 

METHYL-VIOLET.  See  Pyoktanin,  blue. 


42 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


< 


MICROCIDIN.  C10H,ONa. 

This  is  a sodium  6-naphthol,  obtained  by  fusing  5-naphthol  with  one-half  of  its 
weight  of  sodium  hydrate.  As  an  antiseptic  wash  a y&  aqueous  solution  is  employed. 
It  is  recommended  internally  as  an  antipyretic  and  antiseptic. 

MIGRANIN.  See  under  Antipyrine. 

MONOCHLORAL-ANTIPYRIN  E.  See  under  Antipyrine. 

MONO-CHLOR-METHANE.  See  Methyl  Chloride. 

MORPHINE  SALTS.  C17H17(OH)2.NO.A. 

Among  the  newer  salts  of  this  base  are  the  : 

BENZ  OA  TE , obtained  by  neutralizing  morphine  with  benzoic  acid.  This  forms 
white,  crystalline  prisms  or  powder,  which  is  employed  in  treatment  of  asthma  in  the 
same  doses  as  the  morphine  sulphate. 

BOB  ATE  is  recommended  for  subcutaneous  injections  and  eye  washes,  because 
of  the  stability  and  neutral  nature  of  the  salt. 

PHTALATE  and  TARTRATE  are  recommended  for  subcutaneous  injections, 
both  being  very  soluble  in  water. 

MORRHUIN.  C1S>H27N2. 

A basic  principle  found  in  cod  liver  oil.  It  is  a thick,  oily  liquid,  which  is  soluble 
in  alcohol  and  ether ; 2 Mg.  of  the  principle  are  presumed  to  represent  a tablespoonful 
of  cod  liver  oil  in  activity. 

MYRONIN. 

The  firm  of  Eggert  & Haeckel,  in  Berlin,  have  introduced  under  this  name  a new 
ointment  base,  a vehicle  consisting  of  a mixture  of  soap,  carnauba  wax  and  doegling 
oil.  The  latter  possesses  remarkable  penetrating  powers  and  does  not  readily  become 
rancid  Myronin  is  prepared  by  heating  stearic  acid,  in  the  presence  of  carnauba 
wax,  with  sufficient  dilute  potassium  carbonate  solution  until  saturation  has  taken 
place  The  mixture  of  the  resulting  stearin  soap  and  wax  is  then  diluted  with  the 
doegling  oil  until  an  ointment-like  mass  results,  possessing  the  desired  degree  of  con- 
sistency. This  base,  as  prepared,  contains  about  12.5#  of  water,  which  may  be  in- 
creased or  decreased  as  desired. 

MYRRHOLIN. 

A solution  of  equal  parts  of  myrrh  and  oil  (fatty),  which  has  been  used  as  a vehicle 
for  creosote  in  laryngeal  and  pulmonary  tuberculosis. 

MYRTOL. 

A mixture  of  dextro-pinene  (Ci0HieL  eucalyptol  (C10HlsO)  and  a camphor  like  body 
(C10H16O),  obtained  by  the  fractional  distillation  of  the  oil  of  Myrtus  Communis.  It 
forms  a colorless  liquid,  of  aromatic  odor,  boiling  between  160°  to  17(  ° C.  (320°  to  338° 
F,) ; recommended  as  a disinfectant  and  deodorant  in  putrid  bronchitis  and  other 
diseases  of  the  respiratory  tract.  Dose,  5 minims  every  two  or  three  hours,  taken  in 
capsules. 

NAPHTHALOL.  SeeBetol. 

NAPHTHOL. 

This  is  an  isomer  of  b-Naphthol,  obtained  by  the  action  of  sulphuric  acid  on  naph- 
thalene. It  is  employed  as  an  antiseptic  for  both  internal  and  external  administration, 
being  apparently  more  soluble  and  more  efficient  than  b. -Naphthol,  and  possessing 
about  1-3  of  the  latter’s  poisonous  properties,  but  is  more  irritant.  As  a wash,  a solu- 
tion of  about  0.3  Gm.  (4.5  grains)  to  1 kilo  (21-5  pounds)  of  water  is  used  ; internally,  the 
dose  is  0.4  to  1 Gm.  (6  to  15  grains). 

5-NAPHTHOL-ANTIPYRINE.  See  Naphthopyrin. 

NAPHTHOL- A RISTOL.  (Di-iod-b-naphthol). 

Prepared  like  aristol ; a solution  of  sodium  naphthol  (b-naphthol  lip  and  sodium 
carbonate  4p.)is  precipitated  by  an  aqueous  solution  of  iodine  in  potassium  iodide  (2. 4p. 
each).  It  is  a greenish-yellow  powder,  insoluble  in  water,  slightly  soluble  in  alcohol 
and  very  soluble  in  chloroform.  The  compound  is  recommended  as  an  antiseptic. 

^NAPHTHOL  BENZOATE.  See  Benzonaphthol. 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


43 


J-NAPHTHOL  CAMPHOR. 

Synonym : Naphthol,  camphorated. 

A syrupy  fluid  made  by  fusing  together  naphthol  1 part  and  camphor  2 parts.  This 
is  used  as  an  antiseptic  application  to  boils  and  in  tuberculosis. 

&-N APHTHOL  CARBONATE.  CO(OC10H7)2. 

A di-naphthyl  ester  of  carbonic  acid.  It  is  prepared  by  the  action  of  phosgene  on 
^-naphthol  sodium,  yielding  shining,  colorless  scales,  which  are  insoluble  in  water  and 
melt  at  176°  C.  (348.8°  F.).  .Recommended  as  a substitute  for  b-naphthol,  as  an  intes- 
tinal antiseptic,  owing  to  its  less  irritating  qualities. 

NAPHTHOL  CARBOXYLIC  ACID.  C10H6(OH)CO2H. 

Synonym : z-Oxynaphthoic  Acid. 

This  is  obtained  by  the  action  of  carbonic  acid  gas  upon  sodium-^-naphthol  under 
pressure.  It  forms  a white  crystalline  powder  or  acicular  crystals ; melts  at  188°  C. 
(366.8°  F.) ; insoluble  in  water,  soluble  in  alcohol,  ether,  fatty  oils  and  glycerin.  Forms 
soluble  salts  with  the  alkalies  or  alkali  carbonates  Recommended  as  an  antiseptic 
disinfectant  and  antiparasitic,  in  form  of  an  ointment  (5  to  10#)  or  antiseptic  gauze  (1#). 

6-NAPHTHOL-DISULPHONATE  OF  ALUMINUM.  See  Alumnol. 

fr-NAPHTHOL-z-MONO-SULPHONATE  OF  CALCIUM.  See  Asaprol. 
NAPHTHOPYRIN. 

Synonym : &-Naphthol-antipyrine. 

Made  by  triturating  together  equal  molecular  quantities  of  ft-Naphthol  and  anti- 
pyrin. forming  thereby  a tough  mass,  which  gradually  assumes  a crystalline  form  ; in- 
soluble in  water  and  soluble  in  alcohol. 

NAPHTHOPYRINE.  See  under  Antipyrine. 

NAPHTHOSALOL.  SeeBetol. 

NARCEINE  HYDROCHLORATE.  C23H29N0».HC1+3H20. 

Narceine  is  found  in  opium  to  the  extent  of  0.1  to  0.4#.  The  hydrochlorate  forms 
colorless,  crystalline  needles,  which  are  soluble  in  water  and  alcohol.  It  is  employed 
as  a hypnotic  in  doses  of  0.01  to  u.06  Gm.  (V6  to  1 grain). 

NARCOTIN.  C22H23N07. 

This  alkaloid,  which  is  found  in  opium,  occurs  in  colorless  crystals,  which  melt  at 
176°  C.  (348.8°  F.) ; insoluble  in  water  and  alkalies,  but  readily  soluble  in  alcohol  and 
ether.  It  is  used  as  a hypnotic  in  doses  of  0.25  to  1 Gm.  (3.8  to  15  grains). 

NASROL.  See  Sodium  Sulfocaffeate. 

NEURINE.  N(CII3)  (C2H3)OH. 

Synonym : Tri-methyl- vinyl-ammonium-hydroxide. 

This  base,  containing  the  unsaturated  radicle  “■vinyl,”  C2H3,  is  found  along  with 
neuridine  (C5H14N2)  among  the  products  of  the  decomposition  of  flesh.  Obtained  syn 
thetically  by  reaction  between  aethylene  bromide  and  alcoholic  trimethylamine  at60°  g. 
(140°  F.)  under  pressure.  It  forms  a very  poisonous,  strongly  alkaline  fluid,  which  is 
very  soluble  in  water,  but  is  decomposed  on  boiling.  A 3#  solution  is  employed  as  a 
local  application  for  diphtheritic  membranes. 

NEURODINE.  C,H4(OCO.CH3)  NH.COOC2H5. 

Synonym : A cetyl-p-ethoxy -phenyl-urethane. 

A substance  introduced  by  Merck  as  an  antipyretic  and  antineuralgic.  By  the 
. action  of  chloro-carbonic  ether  (00(01)  (002H5)  ).  an  araido-pbenol  (C6H4(OH)NH2), 
para-oxy  phenyl-urethane,  is  formed,  which  on  being  acetylated  is  converted  into  neu- 
rodine.  This  forms  colorless,  inodorous  crystals,  melting  at  87°  C.  (188.6°  F.),  soluble  in 
1400p.  of  cold  water. 

l)ose  as  antineuralgic  is  ltol.5Gm.  (15  to  23  grains),  as  antipyretic  0.5  Gm.  (7*^ 
grains). 

NITRO-SALOL  See  under  Salol. 

NUTRIN. 

A dietetic  food,  which,  according  to  its  manufacturers,  represents  “tlio  pure 
nutritious  substance  of  meat. 


44 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


I 


ODONTODOL. 

Said  to  be  a mixture  of  Cocaine  Hydrochlorate  (1),  Oil  of  Cherry  Laurel  (1),  Tincture 
Arnica  (10),  and  Solution  of  Ammonium  Acetate  (20).  Used  as  a dental  anodyne. 

OLEO-CREOSOTE.  See  under  Guaiacol. 

ORCHIDIN. 

Prof.  Poehl’s  Testicular  Fluid.  Recommended  as  a nervine. 

OREXIN.  C6H4NCH.CH2NC6H5. 

Synonym : Phenyl-dihydro-chin-azoline. 

This,  a complex  chinoline  derivative,  is  obtained  by  the  action  of  sodium  form- 
anilid  on  o-nitrobenzyl  chloride,  the  resulting  o-nitrobenzylformanilid  is  reduced  to 
the  corresponding  amido  derivative  by  means  of  nascent  hydrogen;  the  hydrochlorat*' 
of  this  base  on  heating  gives  up  one  molecule  of  water,  yielding  the  hydrochlorate  of 
orexin,  from  which  the  base  orexin  may  be  obtained  by  treatment  with  an  alkali. 

This  occurs  as  a white,  amorphous,  tasteless  powder,  which  is  almost  insoluble  in 
water.  Employed  as  a stomachic,  stimulating  the  appetite,  also  as  an  antiemetic 
given  in  doses  of  0.13  to  0.4  Gm  (2  to  6 grains)  either  in  wafers  or  capsules,  followed 
by  draughts  of  beef  tea  or  cocoa  to  prevent  any  local  irritation. 

OREXIN  HYDROCHLORIDE.  C6H4.NCH  CH2NC6H5.HC1+2H20. 

Forms  colorless,  odorless  crystals,  of  bitter  pungent  taste,  melting  at  80°  C.  (176  °F), 
soluble  in  15  parts  of  cold  water.  The  properties  and  dose  are  same  as  those  of  Orexin. 

ORTHIN.  C6H3.OH.COOH.NH  NH2. 

Synonym : Ortho-hydrazine-para-oxybenzoate. 

Orthin  is  a derivative  of  phenvl-hydrazine  (C6H5-NH-NH2)  in  which  one  hydrogen 
atom  of  the  benzene  nucleus  is  replaced  by  a hydroxyl- group  and  another  by  the  car- 
boxyl group.  The  hydrochlorate , in  which  form  it  usually  appears,  forms  coloriess 
soluble  crystals,  and  is  recommended  as  an  antipyretic.  Experiments  have  shown  it  to 
be  too  dangerous  for  general  use. 

ORTHO-AM  I DO-SALICYLIC  ACID.  C6H3(NH2)  (OH)  COOH. 

Obtained  through  reduction  of  ortho-nitrosalicylic  acid.  It  forms  a gray-white 
amorphous,  inodorous  powder,  of  a faint  sweet  taste.  Insoluble  in  water,  alcohol 
and  ether. 

It  is  employed  in  treatment  of  chronic  rheumatism,  in  doses  of  0.25  to  0.5  Gm. 
(3  to  7 grains). 

ORTHO-HYDRAZINE-PARA-OXY-BENZOATE.  See  Orthin. 

ORTHO-OXY-BENZOIC  ACID. 

Synonym ; Salicylic  Acid. 

ORTHO-PHENOL-SULPHONIC  ACID.  SeeAseptol. 

ORTHO-PHENOLSULPHURIC  ACID.  SeeAseptol. 

ORTHO-SULPH  AM  IN  E-BENZOIC-ANHYDRIDE.  See  Saccharin. 

ORTHO-SULPHO-CARBOLIC  ACID.  SeeAseptol. 

ORTHO-TOLYL-ACETAMIDE.  See  Aceto-ortho-toluid. 

OSMIC  ACID.  Os  04. 

Obtained  by  heating  osmium  in  fine  powder  in  a current  of  oxygen  or  moist 
chlorine;  or  by  evaporating  a solution  of  osmium  in  nitromuriatic  acid  to  dryness. 
Occurs  in  colorless  or  yellowish-green,  lustrous  needles,  of  a penetrating  chlorine-like 
odor,  melting  at  40°  C.  (104°  F.);  stains  the  skin  and  linen  black  Externally  in  a 1 per 
cent,  solution  (fresh)  osmic  acid  acts  as  a caustic  for  cancerous  and  scrofulous  sores; 
subcutaneously  (1%  solution)  it  has  been  employed  in  neuralgia,  epilepsy,  sarcoma, 
cancer,  etc.  Dose  internally  0.001  Gm.  (1-64  grain)  in  pill  form,  freshly  prepared. 

OUABAIN. 

A glucosidal  principle  obtained  from  the  wood  of  Acocanthera  ouabaio , also  the 
seed  of  Strophanthus  glabrus.  Inodorous  white  crystals,  slightly  soluble  in  cold,  freely 
in  hot  water  and  dilute  alcohol,  melting  at  200°  C.  (392°  F.).  Employed  in  doses  of 
0.000065  Gm.  (1-1000  grain)  repeated  at  frequent  intervals,  for  the  relief  of  whooping- 
cough. 

:r-OXYN  APHTHOIC  ACID.  C10H6(OH).COOH. 

Synonym : cc-Naphthol-carboxylic  acid. 

Obtained  by  the  action  of  carbonic  acid  on  rc-Naphthol  sodium  under  pressure  at 
140*  C. ; the  resulting  sodium  salt  is  a yellowish  powder  or  colorless  needles,  of  melting- 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


45 


point  186°  C.  (366.8°  F.).  Very  slightly  soluble  in  cold  water,  but  very  soluble  in  alcohol. 
The  acid  is  quite  soluble  in  an  aqueous  solution  of  borax.  Its  properties  are  those  of 
an  antiseptic  and  antizymotic. 

Applied  as  an  ointment  (10#)  in  treatment  of  scabies. 

OXY-SPARTEINE.  C15H24N20. 

This  is  an  oxidation  product  of  sparteine  (q.  v.),  and  occurs  in  colorless,  hygro- 
scopic crystals,  melting  at  81°  C.  (181.1°  F.)  and  soluble  in  the  usual  solvents.  It  is  em- 
ployed subcutaneously  as  a heart  stimulant ; it,  however,  lowers  the  pulse  at  the  same 
time.  Dose  is  0.04  Gm.  (3-5  grain)  gradually  increasing  to  0.1  Gm.  (1.5  grains). 

The  hydrochlorate  melts  between  48°  and  50°  G.  (118.4°  to  122°  F.).  This  alkaloid  is 
incompatible  (therapeutically)  with  opiates. 

OZALIN. 

A disinfectant,  said  to  consist  of  a mixture  of  Calcium,  Magnesium  and  Iron  Sul- 
phates, with  Caustic  Soda  and  Magnesia. 

PAPAIN. 

Synonyms : Papayotin  ; Plant  Pepsin. 

The  concentrated  active  principle  of  the  juice  of  the  unripe  fruit  of  Carica  papaya. 
The  juice  is  concentrated  in  vacuo,  and  the  ferment  is  precipitated  by  the  addition  of 
alcohol.  Papain  forms  an  amorphous,  white,  hygroscopic  powder,  soluble  in  water  and 
glycerin  only.  Employed  as  a digestive  ferment ; like  animal  ferments  (pepsin)  it  digests 
albuminous  substances,  possessing  the  advantage  of  being  active  in  either  acid,  alkaline 
or  neutral  solutions.  Dose  0 12  to  0.3  Gm.  (2  to  5 grains)  after  meals.  Applied  as  a 5 
per  cent,  solution  (in  equal  parts  of  glycerine  and  water)  it  is  used  to  dissolve  the 
false  membranes  of  croup  and  diphtheria. 

PAPAYOTIN.  See  Papain, 

PARA-ACET-AM I DO-PH  EN  ETOU  See  Phenacetine. 

PARA-ACET-ANISIDINE.  See  Methacetine. 

p a R A-AC  ET-P  H EN  ET I D I N . See  Phenacetin. 

PARA-yETHOXY-PHENYL-URETHANE.  See  Thermodin. 

PARA-ALLYL-PHENYL-METHYL  ETHER.  See  Anethol. 

PARA-BROM-ACET  AN  I LID.  See  Antisepsine. 

PARA-CHLOR-PHENOL. 

A crystalline  substitution  product  of  phenol.  When  fused  it  congeals  at  33°  C.  ; it 
is  soluble  in  alcohol,  ether  and  fatty  oils,  almost  insoluble  in  water.  Karpow  recom- 
mends this  as  a powerful  antiseptic  and  disinfectant,  only  exceeded  in  intensity  by 
silver  nitrate  and  mercuric  chloride.  It  has  been  successfully  employed  in  treatment 
of  erysipelas  in*  a 2 to  3#  vaseline  ointment. 

PARACOTOIN.  C9H1208. 

A principle  which  occurs,  along  with  several  others,  in  the  Para  Goto  bark.  It 
forms  a pale-yellow,  tasteless  crystalline  powder,  melting  at  152°  C.  (305.6°  F ).  almost 
insoluble  in  water  but  readily  soluble  in  alcohol.  Employed  in  intestinal  catarrh  and  as 
an  anti-diarrhoeic,  the  dose  being  0.1  to  0.2  Gm.  (1.5  to  3 grains)  for  children. 

PARA-CRESOL.  See  under  Cresol. 

PARAFORM. 

A polymeric  formaldehyde,  obtained  by  heating  an  a<fueous  solution  of  formalde- 
hyde, whereby  some  is  volatilized  and  a polymeric  form  (paraform)  remains  behind. 
It  forms  a white  crystalline  pow%der  which  is  insoluble  in  water.  Recommended  as  an 
intestinal  antiseptic. 

PARA-MONO-CHLOR-PHENOL.  See  under  Chlorphenol. 

PARA-OXY-ETHYL-ACETAN ILIDE.  See  Phenacetine. 

PAR A-OXY-M ETHYL-ACETANILIDE.  See  Methacetine. 

PARA-TOLYL-DIMETHYL-PYRAZOLON.  See  Tolypyrin. 

PASTE,  PEPTON.  See  Pepton-Paste. 

PASTE,  SERUM.  See  Serum  Paste. 

PASTE,  SULPHURIC  ACID.  See  Sulphuric  Acid  Paste. 


46 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


I 


PELAGIN. 

A proprietary  remedy  for  sea  sickness,  said  to  be  a solution  of  antipyrine,  caffeine 
and  cocaine. 

PELLETIERIN  E,  (Punicine).  C8H15NO. 

One  of  several  alkaloids  obtained  from  the  root-bark  of  the  Punica  granatum.  It  is 
a colorless  liquid,  soluble  in  20  parts  of  water,  readily  in  all  proportions  in  alcohol  and 
ether.  With  acids  it  unites  to  form  crystalline  salts,  among  which  the  tannate  is  most 
frequently  employed . 

PELLET1ERINE  TANNATE. 

A yellowish,  tasteless,  amorphous  powder,  insoluble  in  water,  soluble  in  80p.  of 
alcohol,  and  readily  in  diluted  acids.  Prompt  and  innocuous  taenicide  in  doses  of  1.5 
Gm.  (23  grains)  followed  by  a purgative. 

PENTAL.  (CH3)2C.CH.CH3. 

Synonyms : Trimethyl-ethylene  ; b-Isoamylene. 

This  hydrocarbon  is  prepared  by  distilling  fusel-oil  with  zinc  chloride,  and  then 
treating  the  distillate  (amylene)  with  concentrated  sulphuric  acid.  Pental  is  a color- 
less liquid  of  sp.  err.  0.6783  (0°  C.),  b ailing  at  38°  C.  (100.4°  P ),  insoluble  in  water,  miscible 
with  alcohol  (9h0,  ether  and  chloroform  in  all  proportions.  Employed  as  anaesthetic 
in  dental  surgery. 

PEPSIN,  PLANT.  See  Papain. 

PEPTON-PASTE. 

Recommended  as  a substitute  for  collodion  in  securing  gauzes  or  bandages  to  the 
skin,  free  from  any  irritating  or  contractile  properties.  The  dried  varnish-like  cuticle 
may  be  removed  by  washing  with  water. 

PERCIRIN. 

An  alkaloid  obtained  from  the  bark  of  Geissospermum  leave,  by  exhausting  with 
boiling  alcohol,  evaporating  to  an  extract  and  treating  the  residue  with  soda  and 
ether.  Forms  a white,  amorphous  powder,  slightly  soluble  in  water,  readily  soluble 
in  alcohol  and  ether.  With  acids  it  yields  crystallizable  soluble  salts;  among  those 
usually  employed  are  the  hydrochloride  and  valerianate.  Percirin  is  recommended  as  a 
tonic  and  antifebrile.  0.5  to  2 Gm.  (8  to  30  grains),  being  administered  about  four 
hours  before  the  expected  attack. 

PHEDURETIN. 

A phenol  derivative,  composition  not  given;  tasteless  white  crystals,  insoluble  in 
water.  Doses  of  0.5  to  1 Gm.  a powerful  diuretic. 

PHENACETINE.  C6H4.OC2H6.NHCOCH3. 

Synonyms : Para-Acet-Phenetidine  ; Para-Acet-Amido-Phenetol ; Para- 
Oxyethyl-Acetanilide. 

/This  compound,  which  chemically  is  closely  connected  with  acetanilide  and 
methacetine,  is  prepared  as  follows : 

Sodium  Para-Nitrophenol,  (which  is  prepared  by  the  action  of  nitric  acid  on  phenol 
and  subsequent  treatment  of  the  product  (para)  with  sodium  hydrate),  is  ethylated  by 
heating  with  ethyl  bromide  under  pressure ; this  product  (p-nitrophenetol)  is  reduced 
by  nascent  hydrogen  to  p-amidophenetol,  which  by  prolonged  boiling  with  glacial 
acetic  acid  yields  phenacetine.  This  forms  colorless,  tasteless,  inodorous,  scaly  crystals, 
melting  at  135 J C.  (275°  F.),  soluble  in  1,500  parts  of  cold,  and  80  parts  of  boiling  water 
and  in  about  16  parts  of  alcohol.  Employed  as  an  antipyretic  and  antineuralgic  in 
doses  of  0.5  to  1 Gm.  (8  to  15  grains). 

IODOPHENINE , CjtfEI^TsNaOj,  is  a derivative  of  phenacetine,  obtained  by  the 
combination  of  two  molecules  of  the  latter  with  three  molecules  of  iodine.  Phenac- 
etine is  dissolved  in  glacial  acetic  acid,  then  diluted  with  water  and  hydrochloric 
acid ; to  this  is  added  an  aqueous  solution  of  iodine  in  potassium  iodide  until  no 
further  precipitation  occurs.  If  the  operation  is  carried  on  in  a hot  solution,  iodo- 
phenine  is  obtained  in  brown  needle-like  crystals,  which  have  an  odor  resembling  that 
of  iodine,  melting  at  130°  to  131°  C.  (266  to  267.8°  F.),  soluble  in  alcohol.and  when  mixed 
or  heated  with  water  iodine  is  liberated.  This  compound  contains  iodine  (51$)  in  a 
very  loose  state  of  combination ; hence  it  is  not  adapted  for  internal  use  because  of  its 
irritating  properties. 

METHYL-PHENACETINE , C6H4(OC2H6)N(CH3)CH3CO,  is  prepared  by  the 
action  of  methyl  iodide  on  phenacetine-sodium.  the  latter  resulting  from  the  action  of 
metallic  sodium  on  a solution  of  phenacetine  in  boiling  xylol.  This  salt  forms  colorless 
crystals,  melting  at  40°  <\  (104°  F.),  only  slightly  soluble  in  water,  but  readily  so  in 
alcohol.  Employed  as  a hypnotic. 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


47 


ETHYL-PHEN A CETINE,  C6H4(OC2H5)N(C2Il5)CH3CO,  a homologue  of  the 
above  methyl-compound,  is  prepared  in  like  manner  by  the  action  of  ethyl  iodide 
on  penacetine-sodium.  This  forms  a yellow  colored  oil.  boiling  at  330°  to  335°C.  (626° 
635°  F.).  almost  insoluble  in  water,  readily  so  in  alcohol  and  ether.  Possesses  hypnotic 
properties,  but  to  a lesser  degree  than  the  above  methyl  derivative. 

FORHYL-PHENETIDINE , or  PARA-OXYETHYL-FORMANILID,  C6H4 
(OC2H5)NH.COH,  is  prepared  by  heating  a mixture  of  hydrochlorate  of  p-pheneti- 
dine,  anhydrous  sodium  formate  and  formic  acid,  the  reaction  product  being  erys 
tallized  from  water.  Colorless,  inodorous,  tasteless  crystals,  melting  at  6u°C.  (F0°  F.). 
slightly  soluble  in  cold  water,  readily  in  hot  water,  alcohol  and  ether.  Recommended 
as  an  antiseptic. 

LACTOPHENINE,  or  LACTYL-PHENETIDINE,  is  produced  by  the  action  of 
lactic  acid  on  phenetidine  in  presence  of  dehydrating  agents.  It  forms  a crystalline 
powder  of  bitter  taste,  more  soluble  than  phenacetine,  employed  as  an  antipyretic 
and  sedative  in  doses  of  0.5  to  1 Gm.  (8  to  15  grains). 

SEDATIN'*  or  VALERYL-PHENETIDINE,  is  obtained  by  the  action  of  valeric 
acid  on  p-amido-phenetol.  Recommended  as  an  antipyretic  and  antineuralgic.  The 
selection  of  the  term  “sedatin”  is  unfortunate,  since  this  was  formerly  applied  as  a 
synonym  for  antipyrine. 

PHENATOL. 

Said  to  be  a mixture  of  acetanilid,  caffeine,  sodium  bicarbonate,  carbonate,  sul- 
phate and  chloride. 

Recommended  as  an  antipyretic  and  anodyne. 

PHENAZONE.  See  Antipyrine. 

&-PHENETIDYL-CROTONIC-ETHYL-ESTER. 

This  compound  is  formed  by  mixing  molecular  quantities  of  para-phenetidin  (C6H4 
OC2H5NH2)  and  aceto-acetic  ester.  (CH3.C0.CH2.C02C2H5) ; the  mixture  becomes 
turbid  and  quite  warm,  with  the  separation  of  water.  Oy  recrystallization  from  alco- 
hol, the  substance  forms  glossy  white,  needle-like  crystals,  which  melt  at  53°  C.  (127.4° 
F.),  insoluble  in  water,  readily  soluble  in  alcohol  and  ether.  Nothing  is  known  con 
cerning  the  medicinal  properties  of  this  substance,  as  it  is  still  in  the  experimental 
stage. 

PHENOCOLL  HYDROCHLORIDE.  CeH,  < ^O.CH2NH,HCl. 

Synonyms:  Amido-Acet-Para-Phenetidine-Hydrochloride ; Glycocoll-Para- 
Phenetidine  Hydrochloride. 

The  base  phenocoll  is  prepared  by  interaction  between  amido-acetic-acid  ester  and 
phenetidine  [C6H4(OC2H5)(NH2)]  or  by  the  action  of  chloracetylchloride  on  pheneti- 
dine, and  subsequent  treatment  of  the  resulting  mono-chlor-acet-para-phenetidine 
with  ammonia.  This  base  unites  with  acids  forming  salts.  Phenocoll  hydrochloride 
forms  colorless  needles  or  a crystalline  powder,  soluble  in  16  parts  of  water,  but  the 
base  phenocoll  is  precipitated  upon  the  addition  of  alkalies.  Because  of  its  greater 
solubility  and  freedom  from  the  unpleasant  after  effects  which  sometimes  accompany 
phenacetin,  it  has  become  quite  popular.  Employed  as  an  antipyretic,  antirheumatic 
and  antineuralgic,  in  doses  of  0.3  to  1 Gm.  (5  to  15  grains).  Has  been  recommended  as 
a specific  in  malarial  complaints,  also  as  an  antiseptic  in  treatment  of  wounds,  sores, 
etc.,  either  in  form  of  powder,  5 per  cent,  solutions,  10  to  20  per  cent.,  gauze,  or  oint- 
ment (10  to  20 %). 

PHENOCOLL  CARBONATE . [C6H4(0C2H5)NH.C0-CH3NH2]2C02,  is  a colorless, 
almost  tasteless,  crystalline  powder,  which  is  quite  insoluble  in  water.  When  heated 
to  65° C.  carbonic  acid  is  given  off.  Employed  like  the  above,  but  particularly  adapted 
as  an  antiseptic  powder. 

PHENOCOLL  ACETATE  forms  bulky,  crystalline  needles  which  are  soluble  in 
3 parts  of  water.  This  salt  is  adapted  for  subcutaneous  injections. 

SALOCOLL , ox  PHENOCOLL  SALICYLATE , is  a crystalline  salt  which  is  less 
soluble  than  the  hydrochloride,  combining  the  medicinal  effects  of  phenocoll  with 
those  of  salicylic  acid.  Employed  as  an  antipyretic  and  antirheumatic  in  doses  of  1 to 
2 Gm.  (15  to  30  grains). 

PHENOL.  (Carbolic  Acid.) 

PHENOL  CAMPHOR. 

Synonym : Camphor,  Phenylated. 

Crystallized  carbolic  acid  is  liquefied  by  heat,  and  in  this  is  dissolved  an  equal 
quantity  of  camphor  ; another  formula  directs  three  times  the  quantity  of  camphor : 
still  another  directs  4 parts  of  camphor,  12  parts  of  carbolic  . cid,  and  1 part  of  water. 


/ 


48  THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


This  phenylated  camphor  is  an  oily,  colorless  liquid,  which  is  insoluble  in  water,  very 
soluble  in  alcohol,  ether,  chloroform,  fatty  and  volatile  oils.  It  is  employed  as  at  anti- 
septic, germicide  and  local  anaesthetic  (particularly  in  toothache). 

PHENOL-CHLORINE  AND  BROMINE  DERIVATIVES. 

Para-chlor-phenol,  crystalline  ; odor  of  phenol ; slightly  soluble  in  water.  Ortho- 
brom-phenol  is  a violet  colored  liquid.  Both  employed  in  the  treatment  of  erysipelas  ; 
1 to  2%  in  ointment. 

P H E N O L I N . See  under  Cresol. 

PH  ENOL-SOD I O-SU  LPHORICINATE. 

A yellowish  fluid,  miscible  with  water,  consisting  of  a mixture  of  20  parts  of  car- 
bolic acid  and  80  parts  of  sodium  sulphoricinate.  Employed  in  angina  diphtheritica, 
for  dissolving  the  false  membrane  ; applying  to  the  parts  with  a hair-pencil. 

PHENOPYRINE.  See  under  Antipyrine. 

PHENOSALYL.  See  under  Cresol. 

&-PHEN  YL-ACRYLIC  ACID.  See  Cinnamic  Acid. 

PHENYL-BORIC  ACID.  C6H5-B(OH)2. 

Prepared  by  the  action  of  phosphorus  oxychloride  on  a mixture  of  boric  acid  and 
phenol  in  molecular  proportions.  It  occurs  as  a white  powder,  difficultly  soluble  in 
cold  water.  It  is  employed  as  an  antiseptic,  for  dressing  wounds  and  ulcers.  A one 
per  cent,  solution  is  sufficient  to  prevent  putrefaction. 

PHENYL-DIH  YD  RO-CH  IN  AZOLINE.  See  Orexin. 

PHENYL-HYDRAZINE-L/EVULINIC  ACID.  See  Antithermin. 
^-PHENYL-PROPIONIC  ACID. 

Synonym:  Hydrocinnamic  acid. 

Obtained  by  the  reduction  of  cinnamic  acid  by  means  of  mercury  amalgam.  It 
occurs  in  colorless  crystals,  slightly  soluble  in  col ;,  but  very  soluble  in  hot  water  and 
alcohol.  Melting-point  is  47.5°~o\  (117.5° F.). 

Hydrocinnamic  acid  is  employed  in  the  treatment  of  phthisis  ; the  dose  being  10 
drops  of  the  alcoholic  solution  (1  to  5). 

PHENYL-SALICYLIC  ACID.  C6H3(OH)  (C6H5)  COOH. 

Synonym : Ortho-oxydiphenyl-carboxylic  acid. 

This  occurs  as  a white  powder,  only  slightly  soluble  in  water,  more  soluble  in 
alcohol  and  glycerin.  Phenyl-salicylic  acid  is  employed  as  an  antiseptic  dusting 
powder. 

PHENYL-SALICYLATE.  See  Salol. 

PHENYL-URETHANE.  See  Euphorin. 

PHILOPAIDIA. 

A proprietary  diphtheria  remedy. 

PHOENIXIN.  CC14. 

Another  name  for  Carbon-Tetrachloride,  a non-inflammable  liquid  solvent. 

PHOSPHERRIN. 

A mixture  of  ferric  chloride,  phosphoric  acid  and  glycerin  . 

PHOTOXYLIN. 

This  is  a nitrocellulose  prepared  by  the  action  of  nitric  acid  on  wood-wool.  When 
dissolve  1 in  a mixture  of  ether  and  alcohol  (equal  parts)  a preparation  very  similar  to 
collodion  is  obtained.  A 3 to  solution  of  photoxylin  forms  a thick  liquid,  which 
leaves  on  evaporation  a much  stronger  film  than  collodion. 

PICROL.  C6HI2(0H)2S03K. 

Synonym:  Di-iodo-resorcin-monosulphona  te  of  potassium. 

Obtained  by  the  action  of  a solution  of  hydriodic  and  iodic  acids  on  resorcin- 
monosulphonate  of  potassium.  It  forms  a colorless,  inodorous,  very  bitter,  crys- 
talline powder,  which  is  soluble  in  water,  glycerin,  ether  and  collodion.  Contains  52 
per  cent,  of  iodine,  and  is  offered  as  a substitute  for  iodoform,  its  antiseptic  powers 
being  equivalent  to  those  of  corrosive  sublimate. 


4$ 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


PICtfOPODOPHYLLIN. 

A crystalline  principle  obtained  from  the  rhizome  of  th e>  Podophyllum  peltatum. 
It  is  claimed  to  be  the  active  principle  of  podophyllotoxin. 

PIPERAZIDINE.  See  Piperazine. 

PIPERAZINE.  NH-(CH2)4-NH. 

Synonyms : Diethylene-diamine  ; JEthylen-imine ; Piperazidme  ; Disper- 
mine (Spermine). 

By  the  interaction  between  agthylene  bromide  aud  aniline  in  the  presence  of  a 
solution  of  potassium  hydrate,  di-phenyi-piperazine  is  formed  ; this  is  converted  into 
piperazine  by  subsequent  treatment  with  nitric  or  sulphuric  acid  and  distillation  of 
the  resulting  product  with  alkalies.  Piperazine  forms  white,  deliquescent  scales, 
which  melt  at  104°  to  107°  O.  (219.2°  to  224.6°  F.),  boils  at  145°  O.  (293°  F.)  and  is  very 
soluble  in  water.  Because  of  its  property  of  uniting  with  uric  acid  and  forming  a 
soluble  compound,  it  is  employed  as  a remedy  in  treatment  of  urge mia,  rheum  itism 
and  gout.  Dose  1 Gm.  (15  grains)  dissolved  in  about  1 pint  of  carbonated  water. 
Sometimes  given  together  with  phenocoll,  when  about  1 Gm.  of  each  is  dissolved  in  a 
pint  of  carbonated  water,  and  the  two  solutions  mixed. 

PIPERINE.  C17H18N03. 

An  alkaloid  which  occurs  in  the  fruits  of  Piper  nigrum , Schinus  Mollis , etc. 
Obtained  synthetically  by  heating  solutions  of  piperidin  and  piperic  acid  in 
benzol.  Forms  colorless,  almost  tasteless,  monoclinic  prisms,  which  melt  at  123°  to 
129°  C.  (262.4°  to  264.2°  F.),  slightly  soluble  in  water  and  soluble  in  3)  parts  of  cold 
alcohol.  Piperine  which  is  contaminated  with  resin  possesses  a more  or  less  pungent 
taste.  Employed  as  antiperiodic  and  antipyretic  in  doses  of  0.06  to  0.64  Gm.  (1  to  10 
grains). 

PIPERONAL  (OR  HELIOTROPIN.)  C8H603. 

Piperine  is  converted  into  potassium  piperate  by  boiling  with  its  equal  weight  of 
potassium  hydrate  and  5 parts  of  alcohol  in  a flask  with  inverted  condenser  ; on  cool 
ing,  the  crystalline  mass  that  separates  is  washed  with  alcohol  an  l crystallized  from 
boiling  water.  One  part  of  potassium  piperate  is  dissolved  in  50  parts  of  hot  water, 
adding  slowly  in  portions  an  aqueous  solution  of  2 parts  of  potassium  permanganate, 
shaking  constantly;  a soft  mass  separates,  which  is  strained  off  au  t washed  with 
Water  until  free  from  heliotrope  odor.  The  mixed  liquids  are  distilled,  collecting  the 
first  distillate  separately,  because  of  the  presence  of  the  greater  portion  of  the  piper- 
onal,  which  crystallizes  out  on  exposure  to  cold,  while  from  the  latter  and  weaker 
distillate  it  is  removed  by  agitating  with  ether.  Piperonal  forms  small  white  crystals 
soluble  in  alcohol  and  ether,  insoluble  in  cold  water.  Employed  as  an  antiseptic  and 
antipyretic  in  doses  of  0 5 to  1 Gm.  (8  to  15  grains).  Because  of  its  heliotrope  odor  it  is 
employed  largely  in  perfumery. 

PI  XO  L.  See  under  Cresol. 

PODOPHYLLOTOXIN. 

An  amorphous  principle  obtained  from  podophyllin  (resin)  by  extraction  with 
chloroform  and  precipitation  with  ether.  Forms  a white  amorphous  powder  soluble 
in  hot  water,  dilute  alcohol,  chloroform  and  ether.  Podophyllotoxin  is  the  active  con- 
stituent of  the  mandrake  root  and  its  resin  (podophyllin),  the  latter  containing  20  to  3 i 
per  cent,  of  podophyllotoxin.  This  principle  is  very  active  and  should  be  employed 
with  caution ; dose  0.001  to  0.01  Gm.  (1-64  to  1-6  grain). 

POLYSOLVE.  See  Sodium  Sulpho-ricinate. 

POTASSIUM  SALTS 

Only  the  most  important  of  the  newer  preparations  are  enumerated. 

AURO- CYANIDE.  KAuCn4.  Forms  colorless,  very  soluble  crystals,  which  are 
employed  subcutaneously. 

C AN  Til ARID  ATE.  C1oH14K2064-2EI20.  Obtained  by  neutralizing  cantharidin 
with  potassium  hydrat«  and  evaporating  to  dryness.  It  forms  a white,  very  soluble 
crystalline  mass,  recommended  by  Liebreich  in  form  of  subcutaneous  injections  in 
treatment  of  tuberculosis  (v.  Cantharidin) 

COB  ALTO-NITRITE,  K6C02(N02)12-f2lI20.  Minute  yellow  crystals  which  are 
slightly  soluble  in  water,  insoluble  in  alcohol.  Employed  in  dyspepsia,  cardiac  albumin- 
uria, etc.  Dose  is  0.032  Gm.  04  grain). 

IJITHIO CARBONATE.  K2C032,  is  prepared  by  interaction  between  boiling  solu- 
tions of  carbon  disulphide  and  potassium  hydrate.  It  forms  a reddish,  deliquescent 
salt,  soluble  in  alcohol  and  water.  Employed  in  skin  diseases  as  5 per  cent,  ointment 
or  solution. 


50 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


OSMA  TE  forms  a red.  soluble,  crystalline  powder.  It  is  used  in  combination  with 
bromides  in  treatment  of  epilepsy,  subcutaneously  for  neuralgia  and  goitre.  Dose, 
0.001  Gm.  (1-64  grain). 

SOZOIODOL.  C6H2T2(0H)S03K+2H20.  Forms  colorless  prisms,  which  are  soluble 
in  84  parts  of  water  and  200  parts  o f alcohol.  Employed  in  skin  diseases,  either  as  a 
dusting-powder  (3$)  diluted  with  talcum,  or  in  ointments  (3#). 

TELLTJR ATE.  K2Te04.  A white  crystalline  salt,  soluble  in  water.  Employed 
in  phthisis  for  arresting  night  sweats. 

POWDER^  SERUM.  See  Serum  Powder. 

PROPYLAMINE.  CH3-CH2-CH2-NH2. 

This  base  should  not  be  confused  with  trimethylamine  (OH3)3N.  Propylamine 
occurs  in  colorless  crystals  of  strong  ammoniacal  odor,  melting  at  50°  O . Recom- 
mended in  doses  of  2 to  4 Gm.  per  day  in  treatment  of  chorea.  Best  administered 
with  a syrup  of  peppermint  as  corrigent. 

P U N I C I N E.  See  Pelletierine. 

PYOKTANIN  (blue).  C24H28N3C1  and  C25H30N3C1. 

Synonyms : Pyoktaninum  cseruleum  ; Methyl-violet. 

The  methyl  violet  of  commerce  (a  dye  stuff;  is  a mixture  of  the  hydrochlorides  of 
penta  and  hexa-methyl-para-rosaniline,  which  forms  a very  soluble,'  blue,  crystalline 
powaer.  Employed  as  an  antiseptic  in  surgery  in  the  same  dilutions  as  given  under 
yellow  pyoktanin  (q.  v.)  It  has  been  employed  with  success  in  the  treatment  of  diph- 
theria, in  which  the  membranes  have  been  painted  with  a warm  saturated  solution. 

PYOKTANIN  (yellow).  C17H24N30C1. 

Synonyms:  Pyoktaninum  aureum;  Auramine;  Imido-tetramethyl-di-p 
amido-diphenyl-m  ethane. 

Yellow  pyoktanin,  or  auramine,  is  a yellow  dye  obtained  by  the  interaction 
between  tetramethyl  diamido-benzophenone,  ammonium  chloride  and  zinc  chloride  at 
150°  C.  It  forms  a bright  yellow  powder  which  is  almost  insoluble  in  cold,  but  very 
soluble  in  hot  water,  also  soluble  in  alcohol.  Auramine  is  employed  as  an  antiseptic 
for  ophthalmic  purposes,  and  in  surgery  in  aqueous  solutions  (1  to  4 : 10,000),  as  an 
antiseptic  dusting-powder  (I  to  2%)  and  ointment  (2  to  10$) 

PYRETINE. 

Found  by  Walter  to  consist  of  a mixture  of  acetanilid  58.7  parts,  caffeine  6.74 
parts,  sodium  bicarbonate  19.5  parts,  and  calcium  carbonate  1*.5  parts.  Another 
analyst  finds  potassium  bromide  present.  Recommended  as  an  antipyretic. 

PYRIDINE.  C5H5N. 

A liquid  base  which  is  formed  by  the  dry  distillation  of  nitrogenated  organic  sub- 
stances. being  found  in  Dippel’s  animal  oil  and  coal  tar  oil.  Pure  pyridine  is  a color- 
less liquid,  of  peculiar  empyreumatic  odor,  pungent  taste,  boiling  at  il7°  C.  (242.6°  F ), 
miscible  with  water,  with  acids  forms  salts,  being  the  basis  of  several  natural  alkaloids. 
Pyridine  is  employed  in  asthma,  from  3 to  5 Oc.  being  poured  on  a plate  and  placed  in 
the  room  with  the  patient.  Internally,  in  doses  of  3 drops,  it  acts  as  a cardiac 
stimulant. 

PYRODINE.  See  Hydracetine. 

PYROGALLOPYRINE.  See  under  Antipyrine. 

PYROZONE. 

A name  given  to  represent  absolute  anhydrous  H202,  the  active  part  of  that 
which  was  formerly  called  Peroxide  of  Hydrogen ; hence  the  3%  portion  of  Aqua 
Hydrogenii  Dioxidi,  U.  S.  P. 

The  Greek  word  “pyr”  and  the  word  “ozone”  were  combined  to  describe  the 
action  resulting  from  the  contact  of  well  diffused  animal  organic  matter,  like 
silk  or  came.s1  hair  with  the  thick  syrupy  fluid  of  pure  H202.  After  such  articles  are 
moistened  with  this  active  princip'e  and  then  slightly  warmed  on  a steam  bath,  they 
ignite  and  burn  furiously,  as  substances  do  in  oxygen,  presumably  producing  both  fire 
and  ozone  ; therefore  true  H202  was  called  Pyrozone. 

PYROZONE  3%  SOLUTION  is  an  aqueous  solution  of  H202  of  correct  pharmaco- 
poeial  strength.  The  manufacturers  claim  that  it  is  more  stable  than  ordinary  products 
of  the  U.  S.  P.  process,  that  it  is  free  from  barium  and  other  earthy  salts  and  contains 
only  1-20  of  1$  of  acidity. 

PYROZONE  5$  SOLUTION  ETHEREAL , is  a surgical  antiseptic  and  cleansing 
bleacher  for  tooth  cavities  prior  to  filling.  For  external  use  only. 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


51 


PYROZONE  25#  SOLUTION  ETHEREAL , is  employed  in  surgery.  dermatology 
and  dentistry  as  an  antiseptic  and  caustic  in  a new  sense  of  that  term  ; it  destroys 
pathological  cells  and  apparently  does  not  destroy  physiological  cells,  aud  has  been 
found  by  dentists  to  be  a prompt  bleacher  for  teeth  discolored  with  organic  matter. 
For  external  use  only. 

QUEBRACHIN.  C21H26N20,. 

One  of  six  alkaloids  found  in  the  bark  of  Aspidosperma  quebracho.  Occurs  in  pale 
yellow  needles,  insoluble  in  water  and  but  slightly  soluble  in  alcohol  and  ether.  With 
acids  it  forms  crystalline  soluble  salts,  the  hydrochloride  being  most  frequently  em- 
ployed. *TJsed  internally  and  subcutaneously  in  dyspnoea  ; dose  0.05  to  0.1  Gm.  (3-5  to 
1\6  grains). 

QUININE  ARSEN  ITE.  O20H24N2O2.H3AsO3-f2H2O. 

Obtained  by  dissolving  34  parts  of  freshly  precipitated  quinine  in  a hot  aqueous 
solution  of  10  parts  of  arsenous  acid,  evaporating  at  20°  O.  (68°  F.)  and  crystallizing. 
This  is  a white  crystalline  powder,  containing  69  per  cent,  of  quinine  (theoretically), 
slightly  soluble  in  cold  and  very  soluble  in  hot  water.  Employed  as  antiperiodic  in 
doses  0.005  to  0.0 i Gm,  (1-12  to  \6  grain). 

QUININE  DI-HYDROCHLORIDE  CARBAMATE.  (C20H24N2O2).HCl+CO(NH2)2HCl. 

Synonyms:  Chininum  amidato-bichloratum  ; Chininum  bimuriaticum  car- 
bamidatum. 

This  double  salt  is  obtained  by  dissolving  molecular  quantities  of  quinine  hydro- 
chloride and  urea  chloride  (C0(NH2)2.HC1)  in  boiling  water  and  crystallizing.  Forms 
colorless,  soluble,  crystals,  containing  70  per  cent,  of  quinine.  Especially  adapted  for 
subcutaneous  injections. 

QUININE  FERRI-CHLORIDE. 

This  forms  dark-brown  scales  or  reddish-brown,  hygroscopic  powder  soluble  in 
water  and  alcohol.  Recommended  as  haemostatic  for  external  and  internal  use  ; ex- 
ternally dusted  over  the  bleeding  surface  ; used  in  a 2%  solution  in  uterine  haemorrhage. 

QUININE  HYDRO-CHLOR-SULPHATE.  (C20H24N2O2)2H01.H2SO4+3H2O. 

Quinine  hydrochloride  and  bisulphate  are  dissolved,  in  molecular  proportions,  in 
warm  water,  evaporated  and  crystallized.  Colorless  crystals,  soluble  in  1 part  of 
water;  recommended  for  subcutaneous  injection. 

QUININE  SALICYLATE.  C20H24N2O2.C7H6O3-fH2O. 

An  alcoholic  solution  of  freshly  precipitated  quinine  is  saturated  with  au  alcoholic 
solution  of  salicylic  acid  and  crystallized,  or  10  parts  of  quinine  sulphate  and  3*4  parts 
of  sodium  salicylate  are  added  to  120  parts  of  water  and  heated  to  boiling ; on  cooling 
the  quinine  salicylate  crystallizes  out.  Forms  fine,  white  needles,  soluble  in  225  parts 
of  water.  Employed  as  an  antipyretic  in  typhus ; also  used  in  rheumatism  and  gout 
in  doses  of  0.1  to  0.5  Gm.  (1J4  to  8 grains)  . 

QUININE  TANNATE. 

Obtained  by  precipitating  an  aqueous  solution  of  a quinine  salt  with  tannic  acid. 
Forms  a yellowish-white  amorphous  powder,  of  only  a slightly  bitter  and  astringent 
taste,  containing  3)  to  of  quinine,  and  only  very  slightly  soluble  in  water.  Em- 
ployed in  diarrhoea,  whooping-cough,  etc.,  in  doses  of  0 2 tr  0 5Gm.  (3  to  8 grains,. 

fr-RESALGIN  (RESORCYLALGIN). 

This  is  obtained  by  the  action  of  potassium  resorcylate  on  antipyrin,  the  former 
being  obtained  by  heating  resorcin  1 part  and  potassium  bicarbonate  5 parts,  together 
with  lh  parts  of  water.  Resalgin  forms  C'-ystalline  needles,  which  melt  at  115°  C. 
(219°  F.).  soluble  in  150  parts  of  cold  and  20  parts  of  boiling  water,  and  readily  soluble 
in  alcohol,  ether  and  chloroform  Nothing  definite  is  known  concerning  its  medicinal 
properties  and  dose. 

R ESO  L.  See  under  Cresol . 

RESOPYRIN.  CnH12N20+C«H4(0H)2  (?). 

A solution  of  11  parts  of  resorcin  in  33  parts  of  water  is  mixed  with  a solution  of 
30  part<  of  antipyrine  in  9 ) parts  of  water,  thejresulting  precipitate  (resopyrin)  is 
collected  and  recrystallized  from  alcohol.  Forms  colorless  crystals,  insoluble  in  water 
and  soluble  in  alcohol.  The  medicinal  properties  of  this  body  have  not  beeu  deter- 
mined. 

RESORBIN. 

This  is  proposed  as  an  ointment  base,  being  prepared  by  emulsifying  almond  oil 
and  water  with  yellow  wax,  gelatine  and  soap  ; it  is  said  to  possess  great  penetrating 
power,  but  is  open  to  the  objection  that  ointments  prepared  with  it  do  not  keep. 


52 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


RESORCIN.  C,LI4(OH)3. 

Synonyms ; ftesorcinol ; Meta-dihydroxy-benzene. 

This  is  obtained  on  fusing  many  resins  (umbelliferous),  also  m-phenol-sulphonic 
acid,  also  m-benzene-disulphonic  acid,  with  potash  ; the  fused  mass  is  acidified  with 
hydrochloric  acid  and  the  resorcin  extracted  with  ether.  For  description  see  U.S.  P. 
Internally  it  is  employed  in  gastritis,  gastric  ulcers,  affections  of  the  larynx  generally  ; 
dose,  0 2 to  0.5  Gm.  (3  to  8 grains).  Externally  in  diphtheria  as  a resorcin  glycerole 
( 10 %)  for  topical  application,  as  an  ointment  (5  to  25$)  in  various  skin  diseases. 

RESORCINOL. 

This  term  resorcinol  ” has  been  applied  by  chemists  to  resorcin,  incompliance 
with  the  rules  of  modern  chemical  nomenclature.  Unfortunately,  the  same  title  has 
been  given  to  an  amorphous,  brown  powder  which  is  prepared  by  triturating  together 
equal  parts  of  resorcin  and  iodoform.  It  is  recommended  as  an  application  to  gangren  - 
ous  sores,  ulcers,  chancres,  etc. ; diluted  with  starch  it  is  used  as  a dusting  powder  (5%) ; 
also  as  ointment  of  5 to  \o%  strength. 

RETINOL.  (CODOL.) 

Obtained  as  a product  of  the  destructive  distillation  of  resiu  (colophony).  Retinol 
forms  a yellowish,  fluorescent,  oily  liquid  of  sp.  gr.  0.900,  boiling  between  240°  to  280°  C. 
(464°  to  53b°  F.).  Employed  as  a solvent  for  various  organic  bodies  as  iodol,  aristol, 
camphor,  cocaine,  codeine,  phenol,  phosphorus,  creosote,  etc. 

RHEIN.  See  Chrysophanic  Acid. 

RHODALLIN.  See  Thiosinamine. 

RUBIDIUM  IODIDE.  Rb  I. 

Forms  colorless  cubical  crystals  which  are  readily  soluble  in  water.  Employed  in 
the  same  instances  where  the  potassium  or  sodium  iodide  is  indicated,  possessing  the 
advantage  of  not  causing  gastric  and  other  disturbances  which  usually  accompany  the 
administration  of  these  salts  in  large  quantities.  Dose,  0.13  Gm.  (2  grains). 

RUMICIN.  See  Chrysophanic  Acid. 

SACCHARIN.  C,H,  < >nh. 

Synonyms : Benzoyl-sulphonic-imide ; Orthosulpha  mine-benzoic-anhy- 

dride ; Gluside ; Glucusimide. 

Saccharin  is  an  intensely  sweet  principle  prepared  from  toluene  (C6H5CH3)  by  first 
converting  this  into  the  mixture  of  mono-sulphonic  acids,  which,  by  the  action  of 
phosphorus  pentachloride,  are  converted  into  the  corresponding  toluene-sulphonic 
chlorides.  By  the  action  of  ammonia  the  ortho  compound  is  converted  into  sulpha- 
min  benzoic  acid,  which  by  oxidation  yields  the  above  imide  (Saccharin).  The  pure 
ortho  compound  forms  a white  crystalline  powder,  which  possesses  500  times  the 
sweetening  power  of  cane  sugar ; it  is  soluble  in  about  400  parts  of  water  (15°  C.), 
more  so  in  alcohol  and  glycerin  (1:30),  readily  soluble  in  water  in  presence  of  alkalies 
(NaHC03).  Mixed  with  water  and  neutralized  with  sodium  bicarbonate,  it  forms  the 
soluble  sodium  salt.  “ soluble  gluside”  or  "soluble  saccharin.”  The  chief  use  of  sac- 
charin is  as  a sweetening  agent  in  the  food  of  diabetic  patients.  A syrup  of  saccharin 
may  be  prepared  by  dissolving  saccharin  10  Gm..  sodium  bicarbonate  12  Gm.,  in  1,000 
Cc.  of  water.  Syrup  of  saccharin  may  be  employed  in  many  mixtures  where  cane- 
sugar  syrup  is  inadmissable. 

^ 0H 

SALACETOL.  CH< 

COOCH2COCH3. 

Synonym:  Salicyl-Acetol. 

A CDmpound  differing  from  salol  in  the  replacement  of  the  phenyl  group  (C6H5)  by 
the  acetone  radical  (CH2-CO-CH3);  introduced  as  a substitute  for  salol  in  order  tc 
avoid  the  elimination  of  phenol  in  the  organism.  It  is  prepared  by  interaction 
between  monochlor  acetone  and  sodium  salicylate.  Forms  fine  needle-like  crystals  or 
scales,  melting  at  71°  C.  (159.8°  F.).  insoluble  in  cold  water,  slightly  soluble  in  cold 
alcohol,  freely  soluble  in  hot  alcohol,  ether  and  chloroform.  By  action  of  alkalies  it 
yields  up  its  salicylic  acid  (about  71$).  Salacetol  is  employed  in  all  instances  where 
salol  is  indicated,  in  doses  of  2 to  3 Gm.  (30  to  45  grains) . 

SALACTOL. 

A preparation  consisting  of  the  sodium  salts  of  salicylic  and  lactic  acids  has  been 
introduced  under  this  name,  and  wiien  dissolved  in  a 1%  solution  of  hydrogen  peroxide 
it  is  recommended  as  an  efficient  remedy  for  diphtheria.  The  solution  is  applied  to  the 
throat  with  a brush  every  four  hours,  and  in  the  intervals  the  solution  is  used  as  a 
gargle.  It  is  also  stated  to  act  as  a prophylactic. 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


53 


SALICVL-ACETOL.  See  Salacetol. 

SALICYL-PHEN  ETIDINE.  See  Malakiu. 

SALIC YL-y?-PH EN  ET I Dl  N E.  See  Saliphen. 

SALICYLIC  ALCOHOL.  See  Saligenin. 

SALIGENIN.  (Salicylic  alcohol.)  C6H4(OH)CH2OH. 

An  oxy-benzoyl-alcohol.  obtained  by  the  action  of  acids  or  ferments  (emulsin, 
saliva,  etc.)  on  salicio,  a glucoside.  This  same  reaction  takes  place  in  the  human 
organism  when  salicin  is  ta&en  internally,  yielding,  however,  only  43  per  cent,  of  sali- 
genin. A dose  of  12  Gm.  (3  drachms)  of  salicin  corresponds  to  about  4.2  Gm.  (60  1-3 
grains)  of  saligenin.  It  will  be  seen  that  saligenin,  which  constitutes  the  activity,  is 
an  excellent  substitute  for  salicin  in  the  treatment  of  malaria,  rheumatism,  typhus, 
etc.  Saligenin  crystallizes  in  colorless  scales  or  needles,  melting  at  86°  C.  (186.8°  F.), 
of  a slightly  bitter  taste,  soluble  in  alcohol  and  water.  It  is  now  prepared  synthetic- 
ally through  the  condensation  of  Dhenol  with  formaldehyde. 

SALINAPHTHOL.  See  Betol. 


SALIPHEN.  C6H4  < 


. OC2H5 

NH.C6H4(OH)CO. 


Synonyms : Salicyl-p-phenetidine. 

Obtained  by  the  action  of  salicylic  acid  on  phenetidine  in  the  presence  of  phos- 
phorus trichloride.  Forms  colorless  crystals,  melting  at  139.5°  C.  (283°  F.),  insoluble  in 
water,  but  soluble  in  alcohol.  Its  slight  antifebrile  action  has  not  brought  it  into  any 
favor. 


SALIPYRINE.  See  under  Antipyrine. 

/ °H 

SALICYLAMIDE.  C,H,  < 

CONH,. 

This  compound  differs  from  salicylic  acid  in  the  replacement  of  the  hydroxyl  of  the 
carboxyl  group  by  the  amido  radicle  (NH2).  Obtained  by  the  action  of  concentrated 
ammonia  on  salicylic-methyl-ester  (oil  of  wintergreeQ),  yielding  colorless,  inodorous 
and  tasteless  crystals,  melting  at  138°  C.  (280.4°  F.),  soluble  in  250  parts  of  water, 
readily  so  in  alcohol  and  ether.  Salicylamide  possesses  the  same  therapeutical  prop- 
erties as  salicylic  acid,  having  the  advantage  of  being  tasteless,  more  soluble  and 
acting  more  readily  in  smaller  doses.  Dose,  0.13  to  0.3  Gm.  (2  to  5 grains). 

SALICYL-ANILID.  See  Salifebrin. 


SALICYL-SULPH URIC  ACID.  See  Sulpho-Salicylic  Acid. 
SALICYLIC  NAPHTHYLIC  ETHER.  See  Betol. 


SALICYLIDEN  PHENETIDINE.  See  Malakin. 

SALIFEBRIN,  OR  SALICYLANILID. 

A preparation  of  salicylic  acid  and  acetanilid,  in  which  both  constituents  are 
probably  fused  together  and  powdered.  Forms  a white  powder,  soluble  in  alcohol, 
insoluble  in  water.  Recommended  as  an  antineuralgic  and  antipyretic. 

No  authoritative  dose  has  been  given. 

SALOCOLL.  See  under  Phenocoll. 

/ °H 

SALOL.  C»H,< 

COO  C„H6. 

Synonym : Phenyl  Salicylate. 

This  phenyl  ester  of  salicylic  acid  is  obtained  by  the  action  of  sodium  salicylate  on 
sodium  phenylate  in  the  presence  of  phosphorus  oxychloride  or  phosgene.  The 
reaction  product  is  thoroughly  washed  with  water  and  crystallized  from  alcohol.  For 
description  see  U S.  P.  Saloi,  when  taken,  passes  unabsorbed  through  the  stomach 
into  the  intestines,  where,  under  the  influence  of  alkaline  secretions,  it  is  split  up  into 
salicylic  acid  and  phenol;  to  this  dissociation  its  value  as  an  intestinal  disinfectant  in 
ca^e  of  dysentery,  cholera,  etc.,  is  due.  In  view  of  this  peculiarity,  salol  is  employed 
for  coating  pills*  which  are  intended  to  act  only  in  the.  intestines.  As  an  antirheu- 
matic its  dose  is  1 to  2 Gm.  (15  to  30  grains),  in  diarrhoea  and  intestinal  troubles  of 
children  0.13  to  0.19  Gm.  (2  to  3 grains);  as  an  antiseptic  and  deodorant  externally  in 
the  form  of  dusting-powder  (1:3),  being  diluted  with  starch  or  talcum,  ointment  or 
collodion  (4:  to  ether  4 and  collodion  30). 


* Coblentz’  Handbook  of  Pharmacy,  p.  329. 


54 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


I 


SALOL  CAMPHOR  is  made  by  mixing  3 parts  of  salol  with  2 parts  of  camphor, 
both  in  fine  powder,  fusing  and  filtering  the  product.  It  forms  a colorless,  oily  liquid, 
insoluble  in  water,  soluble  in  ether,  chloroform  and  the  oils;  by  the  action  of  light 
and  air  it  undergoes  decomposition.  Employed  locally  as  an  antiseptic. 

DI-IODO-SALOL , C6H2T?(OH)CO?C6H5.  the  phenyl  ester  of  di-iodo-salicylic  acid, 
is  obtained  by  the  condensation  of  di-iodo-salicylic  acid  with  phenol.  Forms  an  ino- 
dorous, tasteless,  crystalline  powder,  melting  at  133°  C.  (271.4°  F.) ; employed  in  treat- 
ment of  skin  diseases 

NITRO-SALOL . C6H4(0H)C02.C6H4N03,  salicylic-p-nitro  phenyl-ester,  is  obtained 
by  condensation  of  salicylic  acid  with  p-nitrophenol.  Forms  a yellowish,  inodorous 
and  tasteless  crystalline  powder,  melting  at  148°  C.  (298.4°  F.),  insoluble  in  water,  and 
soluble  in  alcohol  and  ether.  In  the  intestines  it  is  split  up  into  its  constituents.  Em- 
ployed in  the  manufacture  of  salophen. 

SALOPHEN.  C6H4(0H)C03.C«H4NH.C0CH3. 

Synonyms : Acetyl-p-amido-phenyl  salicylate  ; Acet-p-amido-salol. 

This  body  was  introduced  as  a substitute  for  salol  in  order  to  avoid  effects  result- 
ing from  the  liberation  of  phenol  in  the  organism,  salophen  being  split  up  in  the  intes- 
tines into  salicylic  acid  and  acetyl  p-amidophenol.  Obtained  by  the  reduction  and 
acetification  of  salicylic-p-nitro-phenol  (nitro  salol),  C6H4(0H)C02.C6H4N02.  yielding 
colorless  crystals  melting  at  187°  to  188°  0.  (368.6°  to  370.4°  F.),  insoluble  in  water, 
soluble  in  alcohol  and  ether,  the  alcoholic  solution  being  colored  violet  by  ferric 
chloride.  Employed  as  an  antineuralgic  and  antirheumatic  in  doses  of  1 to  2 Qm.  (15 
to  30  grains). 

SALUBRINE. 

A composition  hailing  from  Sweden,  and  containing,  according  to  Hager,  2 per 
cent  of  anhydrous  acetic  acid.  25  per  cent,  of  acetic  ether,  50  per  cent,  of  alcohol,  and 
the  balance  of  distilled  water.  It  is  antiseptic,  astringent  and  haemostatic,  and  is 
used,  diluted  with  water,  as  a gargle,  and  on  compresses. 

SALUMIN  (insoluble).  (C«H4(0H)C00)6A12+3H20. 

Synonym : Aluminum  salicylate. 

Obtained  as  an  insoluble  precipitate  by  interaction  between  solutions  of  a salt  of 
aluminum  and  sodium  salicylate.  Forms  a reddish-white,  insoluble  powder,  which  is 
employed  as  a dusting-powder  in  catarrhal  affections  of  the  nose  and  pharynx. 

SALUMIN  (soluble).  (C6H4(0NH4)C00)6A12+2H20. 

Synonym : Aluminum-ammonium  salicylate. 

On  treating  “salumin”  with  ammonia  '‘soluble  salumin”  is  obtained. 

Employed  for  same  purposes  as  Salumin. 

SAN  ATOL.  See  under  Cresol. 

SANGUINAL. 

Prepared  by  defibrinating  fresh  blood  and  evaporating  to  a pilular  extract,  in 
which  condition  it  is  made  up  into  pills,  each  of  which  is  said  to  represent  5 Cc  of 
fresh  blood.  The  composition  of  the  extract  is  said  to  be  46  parts  of  peptonized 
muscle  albumin,  44  parts  of  blood  salts  and  10  parts  of  oxyhaemoglobin. 

SANTONINOXIM,  C15HI802.N0H. 

Santonin  5p..  hydroxylamine  hydrochlorate  4p.,  calcium  carbonate  4p.,  and  alcohol 
50p..  are  boiled  from  6 to  7 hours  in  a flask  with  reflux  condenser,*  filtering  and 
pouring  into  5 times  its  volume  of  water,  whereby  santoninoxim  separates.  Forms 
white  crystals,  insoluble  in  cold  water,  soluble  in  alcohol,  ether,  fats  and  fatty  oils, 
melts  at  216°  to  217°  C.  (420.8°  to  422.6°  F ).  Because  of  its  comparatively  non-toxic 
nature  it  is  preferred  to  santonin  as  an  anthelmintic;  dose  for  children  from  2 to  3 
years  0.06  Gm.  (1  grain),  from  4 to  6 years  0.09  Gm.  (I y%  grains),  from  6 to  9 years  0.13 
Gm  (2  grains)  in  two  doses  about  one  hour  apart,  followed  by  a purgative. 

SAPOCARBOL.  See  under  Cresol. 

SAPROL.  See  under  Cresol. 

SCO  PO  LA  MINE.  See  Hyoscine. 

SEDATIN.  See  under  Phenetidine, 


* Coblentz’  Handbook  of  Pharmacy,  p.  94. 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


55 


SERUM  PASTE. 

The  freshly  prepared  serum  from  ox-blood  is  thoroughly  mixed  with  25  per  cent,  of 
zinc  oxide  and  sterilized  at  70°  C.  in  a thermostat.  When  painted  over  denuded  or 
diseased  surfaces,  it  dries  readily,  leaving  a film  which  may  be  readily  removed  by 
washing  with  water. 

SERUM  POWDER. 

A mixture  of  freshly  prepared  serum  and  zinc  oxide  ( 25 % ) is  spread  on  glass  plates 
and  dried,  then  finely  powdered  and  sterilized  at  100°  C.  Recommended  as  an  anti- 
septic dusting- powder  to  be  employed  alone  or  mixed  with  iodoform. 

SODIUM  SALTS. 

Only  the  most  important  of  the  new  salts  are  enumerated. 

ETHYLATE,  CH3.CH2ONa,  is  formed  by  the  action  of  metallic  sodium  upon 
absolute  alcohol.  It  forms  a white  powder,  of  caustic  taste,  soluble  in  alcohol  and 
water.  Employed  in  treatment  of  skin  diseases,  as  psoriasis,  lupus,  etc.,  painting  the 
parts  with  a 10  per  cent,  aqueous  solution. 

ANISATE.  C6H4(OCH3)COONa.  Anisic  acid  is  obtained  by  oxidizing  anethol 
(main  constituent  of  anise  oil)  with  a mixture  of  sulphuric  acid  and  potassium  bichro- 
mate; the  sodium  salt  is  made  by  neutralizing  an  aqueous  solution  of  this  acid  with 
sodium  carbonate,  evaporating  and  crystallizing.  Sodium  anisate  forms  a soluble 
crystalline  powder,  which  is  recommended  as  a substitute  for  sodium  salicylate,  being 
an  antirheumatic  and  antipyretic. 

AURO-CHLORIDE , AuCl3.NaCl+2H30.  A double  salt  of  gold  and  sodium 
chloride,  forming  a golden-yellow  hygroscopic  powder,  readily  soluble  in  water  and 
partly  in  alcohol.  Employed  in  syphilitic  diseases,  the  dose  being  0.016  to  0.06  Gm.  04 
to  1 grain). 

CHLOR  OB  ORATE  is  obtained  by  reaction  between  boron  terchloride  and  sodium 
hydrate.  It  forms  a soluble  white  crystalline  powder,  possessing  powerful  antiseptic 
properties. 

DI-IODO-SALICYLATE , [CeHa(OH)r2.+COONa]2+5HaO.  Diiodosalicylic  acid  is 
obtained  by  the  action  of  iodine  and  iodic  acid  on  salicylic  acid  in  alcoholic  solution; 
the  sodium  salt  of  this  acid  is  obtained  by  neutralization  with  sodium  carbonate.  This 
salt  forms  white  crystalline  scales,  which  are  soluble  in  50  parts  of  water.  Employed 
as  an  analgesic,  antipyretic  and  antiseptic  in  doses  of  0 5 to  1 Gm.  (8  to  15  grains). 

DI- THIO-SA LIC YL A TE.  I.  and  II.  See  Di-thio-salicylic  Acid. 

NAPHTHOLA  TE.  See  Microcidin. 

PARA-CRESOTA  TE.  This  is  a fine,  white,  crystalline  powder,  of  a bitter  taste, 
soluble  in  24  parts  of  water.  It  is  employed  as  an  antiseptic  and  antirheumatic,  the 
daily  total  dose  being  2 to  6 Gm.  (30  to  90  grains). 

PHENOL-SULPHO-RICIN ATE.  is  a solution  of  4 oarts  of  sodium  ricinate  (q.  v.) 
in  1 part  of  carbolic  acid  A caustic  fluid  recommended  in  treatment  of  diphtheria. 

SOZOIDOL.  See  under  Sozoiodol. 

SILI CO-FLIJORIBE.  (NaF^i  F4.  A white  crystalline  powder,  which  is  only 
very  slightly  soluble  in  water.  Employed  in  aqueous  solution  (2  : 1,000)  as  an  antisept  i 

wash.  c 

ICH THY OL-SULPIIONA  TE.  See  under  Ichthyol. 

SULPHO-RICINATE , (Solvin,  Polysolve).  By  the  action  of  concentrated  sul- 
phuric acid  on  the  triglycerides  of  the  fatty  acids,  or  the  fatty  acids  themselves,  sulpho- 
ricinic  acid  is  formed;  this  on  neutralization  with  sodium  hydrate  gives  the  above 
named  salt.  This  is  a brownish,  syrupy  liquid,  which  is  soluble  in  alcohol  and  water. 
Employed  as  a solvent  for  iodine,  iodoform,  etc. 

SULPIIOSAL1CYLATE.  C#H3(OH)  Salicyl  sul phonic  acid  is  ob- 

tained by  the  action  of  sulphuric  acid  on  salicylic  acid  ; this  product  is  then  only 
partly  neutralized  with  sodium  carbonate,  resulting  in  the  saturation  of  the  sul  phonic- 
acid  group  only.  This  salt  forms  a white  crystalline  powder,  of  a slightly  acid  and 
astringent  taste,  soluble  in  25  p of  water  and  insoluble  in  alcohol  and  ether.  Pro- 
posed as  a substitute  for  sodium  salicylate. 

THIOPHENE- SULPHON ATE.  C4H3S-S03Na,  is  obtained  by  neutralizing  thio" 
phene-sulphonic  acid  with  sodium  carbonate.  It  is  a white  crystalline  powder,  of  un- 
pleasant odor,  soluble  in  water,  and  contains  33^  of  sulphur.  Employed  in  prurigo,  as 
a 5 to  \0%  ointment. 


56 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


SULPHO  TTJMENOLA  TE.  See  Tumenol. 

SULPHO- THIOPHENE.  See  Thiophene  Sulphonate. 

TELL  UP  A TE.  See  Potassium  Tellurate. 

SODIUM  SULFOCAFFEATE. 

Since  the  introduction  of  the  sulpho.  group  decreases  the  medicinal  potency  in 
phenol  groups,  the  same  was  tried  here  with  success.  Bitter,  crystalline,  slightly 
soluble  in  cold  water;  non-toxic,  does  not  irritate  the  stomach.  Solutions  containing 
more  than  b%  are  not  stable.  Besides  aboye  soda,  lithium  and  strontium  salts  are 
prepared.  A powerful  diuretic.  Bose,  1 Gm.  in  capsule. 

SODIUM-TUMENOL-SULPHONATE.  See  Tumenol. 

SOLANIN.  C42H87N016. 

A principle  which  occurs  in  the  berries,  flowering  tops  and  fruits  of  various  solana- 
ceous  plants.  Obtained  from  the  aqueous  acidulated  extract  of  potato- sprouts  by 
making  alkaline  with  ammonia  and  shaking  with  ether.  Solanin  occurs  in  colorless 
acicular  crystals,  melting  at  235°  C.  (455°  F.),  bitter  taste,  insoluble  in  water,  and  but 
slightly  in  alcohol. 

Recommended  in  doses  of  0.01  to  0.06  Gm.  (1-6  to  1 grain)  as  an  analgesic  in  neural- 
gia, also  in  bronchitis  and  asthma. 

SOLPHINOL. 

A mixture  of  borax,  boric  acid  and  alkali  sulphites.  Used  as  an  antiseptic. 

SOLUTOL-  See  under  Cresol. 

SO  LV  EO  L.  See  under  Cresol. 

SO  LVi  N . See  Sodium  Sulpho-ricinate. 

SOMATOSE. 

A preparation  in  which  the  albumenoids  and  nutritive  constituents  of  flesh  are 
converted  into  soluble  albumoses,  5 parts  of  somatose  representing  30  parts  of  beef  in 
nutritive  value.  Forms  a pale  yellowish  powder  which  is  readily  soluble  in  water, 
forming  an  almost  odorless  and  tasteless  solution. 

Employed  as  a food  for  patients  afflicted  with  weak  digestion,  being  given  15  to 
30  Gm.  (or  34  to  1 ounce)  in  milk,  cocoa  or  soup. 

SOZAL.  (CeH4(OH)SOa)8Al. 

Synonym : Aluminum-para-phenol-sulphonate. 

Obtained  by  dissolving  aluminum  hydroxide  in  para-phenol-sulphonic  acid.  Forms 
a crystalline  powder,  soluble  in  water,  glycerine  and  aloohol,  possesses  an  astringent 
taste  and  a phenol-like  odor.  Its  aqueous  solution  is  colored  violet  by  ferric  chloride, 
and  precipitates  albumen,  soluble  in  excess  of  the  latter. 

Employed  in  solution  (1%)  as  a wash  for  tubercular  ulcers  and  purulent  affections. 

SOZOIODOLIC  ACID.  C6H2T2(0II)S03H. 

Synonyms : Sozoiodol ; Di-iodo-para-phenol-sulphonic  Acid. 

This  is  obtained  by  the  interaction  between  a solution  of  potassium  para-phenol- 
sulphonate  in  dilute  hydrochloric  acid  and  a solution  of  potassium  iodide  and  io  late 
(5KI+KI03)  in  molecular  proportions  The  acid  potassium  salt  which  crystallizes  out 
is  treated  with  the  necessary  amount  of  sulphuric  acid, whereby  sozoio  iol  is  liberated. 

Sozoiodol  crystallizes  from  water  in  acicular  prisms  with  3 molecules  of  water, 
readily  soluble  in  water,  alcohol  and  glycerin. 

Solutions  of  this  compound  give  a violet-blue  coloration  with  ferric  salts.  Sozo- 
iodol is  employed  as  an  antiseptic,  being  usually  used  in  ^ or  3 per  cent,  solutions.  It 
is  also  employed  as  a dusting-powder,  containing  5 to  10  and  20%  di'uted  with  powdered 
French  chalk  or  starch. 

POTASSIUM  AND  SODIUM  SOZOIODOL.  C6H2I2(0H)S03K  (or  Na)-f2H20,  are 
obtained  by  saturating  the  sozoiodoliclacid  with  either  potassium  or  sodium  carbonate 
and  crystallizing.  Of  these  the  potassium  salt  is  soluble  in  50.  and  the  sodium  salt  in 
14  parts  of  water.  The  aqueous  solutions  of  these  compounds  gradually  darken  on 
exposure  to  light.  These  compounds  are  employed  in  like  manner  to  sozoiodolic 
acid. 

ZTNC  SOZOIODOL.  (C6H2T2(0H)S03)2Zn+6H20,  forms  colorless  crystals,  soluble 
in  20  parts  of  water;  employed  in  medicine  as  the  above. 

MERCURY  SOZOIODOL , C«H2I2(0H)S03)2Hg,  forms  a lemon  yellow  powder, 
obtained  by  interaction  between  concentrated  aqueous  solutions  of  sozoiodol  sodium 
and  mercuric  nitrate.  This  compound  is  soluble  in  500  parts  of  water,  readily  soluble 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


57 


in  a solution  of  sodium  chloride.  It  is  employed  chiefly  in  the  specific  treatment  of 
syphilis  locally  and  subcutaneously  The  2.5  per  cent,  solution,  or  \%  ointment  or 
dusting  powder,  is  the  usual  strength  of  dispensing. 

SOZOLIC  ACID.  See  Aseptol. 

SPARTEINE.  C15H26N2. 

An  alkaloid  which  occurs  with  scoparine  in  the  tops  of  Spartium  scoparium  It 
forms  a volatile  oily  liquid  which  boils  at  288°  C.  (550.4°  F.),  unites  with  acids,  forming 
stable  crystalline  salts. 

SULPHATE.  ((C15H26N2)2H2S04+4H20).  Colorless,  odorless,  slightly  hygroscopic 
crystals,  soluble  in  water  and  alcohol. 

Employed  as  a heart-tonic,  like  digitalis,  in  doses  of  0.01  to  0.02  Gm.  (1-6  to  1-3  grain). 
SPERMIN.  (CH2)2NH. 

A base  belonging  to  the  class  of  leucomaines.  obtained  from  the  seminal  fluid  of 
animals.  A readily  soluble,  crystalline  substance,  which  is  usually  obtained  in  the 
form  of  the  hydrochlorate  A 2 per  ceut.  solution  is  employed  subcutaneously  in 
quantities  of  14  to  1 Cc.  (8  to  16  minims)  once  daily  in  treatment  of  nervous  diseases 
complicated  with  anasmia. 

STERESOL. 

A brown,  thick  liquid,  obtained  by  dissolving  shellac  270  parts,  gum  benzoin  10 
parts,  balsam  tolu  10  parts,  phenol  100  parts,  oil  of  cinnamon  6 parts,  and  saccharin  6 
parts  in  alcohol  sufficient  to  make  1,000  parts.  Recommended  as  an  antiseptic  varnish 
for  tubercular  sores  and  various  skin  diseases. 

STROPH ANTH I N.  C2oH34010  or  C31H48012(?). 

The  active  principle  (a  glucoside)  of  the  seeds  of  the  species  of  Strophanthus. 
Forms  a white  crystalline  powder,  melting  at  185°  C.  (365°  F.),  soluble  in  40  parts  of 
water  (18°  C.),  readily  in  alcohol.  Strophanthin  is  employed  as  a substitute  for  digitalis, 
being  free  from  all  disturbing  effects  upon  the  respiratory  centres  and  producing  less 
gastric  disturbance.  Dose.  0.0002  to  n.0003  Gm.  (1-300-1-200  grain).  Very  powerful; 
should  be  used  with  great  caution.  Antidotes,  aconite  and  veratrum  viride.  Com- 
mercial strophanthin  is  quite  variable  in  strength,  hence  uncertain  in  effect. 

STYRACOL.  See  under  Guaiacol. 

SULPHAMINOL.  C.H,  <|h>  c«h3°h- 

Synonym : Thio-oxy-diphenylamine. 

Obtained  by  boiling  meta-oxy-diphenylamine  with  sulphur  and  caustic  soda  solu- 
tion, and  precipitating  with  a solution  of  ammonium  chloride  Sulphaminol  forms  an 
inodorous,  pale  yellow  powder,  melting  at  155°  C.  (311°  F.).  insoluble  in  water,  soluble 
in  alkali  solutions,  alcohol  and  glacial  acetic  acid.  Employed  as  a substitue  for  iodo- 
form, used  as  a deodorizing  antiseptic  for  both  internal  and  external  use;  it  readily 
breaks  up,  yielding  phenol  and  sulphur.  Internally  employed  in  cystitis,  dose  being 
0 25  Gm.  (about  4 grains). 

SULPHONAL.  (CH3)2C(S02C2H3)2. 

Synonym : Di-ethyl-sulphon-dimethy  1-methane. 

Through  a mixture  of  anhydrous  ethyl-mercaptan  (C2H5SH)  and  acetone  (CHS- 
CO-UH3).  dry  hydrochloric  acid  gas  is  passed,  resulting  in  the  condensation  product 
mercaptal  (di-thio-ethyl-di-methyl-methaneh  which  on  oxidation  yields  sulphonal. 
Forms  colorless  permanent  crystals,  melting  at  125°  to  126°  C.  (257°  to  2)8.8°  F.), 
soluble  in  500  parts  of  cold  and  15  parts  of  boiling  water,  in  65  parts  of  cold  and  2 parts 
of  boiling  alcohol. 

Employed  as  a valuable  hypnotic  in  doses  of  1 to  2 Gm.  (15  to  30  grains). 

SULPHO-SALICYLIC  ACID.  C6H3(S03H)(0H)C00H. 

Synonym:  Salicyl-Sulphuric  Acid. 

This  is  prepared  by  the  action  of  fuming  sulphuric  acid  on  salicylic  acid;  it  forms 
white  crystals,  which  are  soluble  in  water  and  alcohol.  Employed  as  a substitute  for 
sodium  salicylate  in  treatment  of  articular  rheumatism.  This  compound  is  a valuable 
reagent  for  proteids,  albumins  and  peptones.  An  albumose  or  peptone  is  precipitated, 
but  redissolves  on  boiling  the  solution,  while  albumin  or  globulin  does  not. 

SULPHO-TUMENOLIC  ACID.  See  Tumenol. 

SULPHURIC  ACID  PASTE. 

A caustic  application  composed  of  a mixture  of  equal  parts  of  sulphuric  acid  and 
powdered  saffron,  the  latter  being  employed  because  of  the  finely  subdivided  condi- 
tion of  the  carbon  yielded 


58 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


TANNAL  (Insoluble).  Al2(OH)4(C14H9O9)2+10H2O. 

Synonym : Aluminum  basic  tannate. 

Formed  by  precipitating  a solution  of  an  aluminum  salt  with  a solution  of  tannic 
acid  in  presence  of  an  alkali.  Tannal  is  a brownish-yellow,  insoluble  powder,  em- 
ployed as  an  astringent  in  catarrh  of  the  respiratory  organs. 

TANNAL  (Soluble).  Al2(C4H606)2(C14H909)2-h6H20. 

Synonym : Aluminum  tannic-tartrate. 

Obtained  by  treating  insoluble  tannal  with  tartaric  acid,  yielding  a brownish 
yellow  soluble  powder,  which  is  employed  for  the  same  purpose  as  the  above. 

TANNIGEN. 

Synonym : Diacetyl  Tannin . 

An  acetic  ester  of  tannic  acid,  prepared  by  the  action  of  acetic  anhydride  on 
tannin  dissolved  in  glacial  acetic  acid.  Forms  a yellowish-gray,  odorless  and  taste- 
less. hygroscopic  powder,  insoluble  in  water,  only  slightly  soluble  in  ether,  very  soluble 
in  alcohol.  Its  solutions  are  colored  blue  black  by  ferric  chloride  and  decomposed  by 
alkalies.  Tannigen  is  recommended  in  treatment  of  chronic  diarrhoea,  acting  as  an 
intestinal  astringent,  since  owing  to  its  insolubility  it  passes  through  the  stomach  into 
the  intestines,  where  in  presence  of  the  alkaline  secretions  it  is  broken  up  into  its  con- 
stituents. 

TARTARLITHINE. 

This  is  an  effervescent  salt,  the  lithium  analogue  of  cream  of  tartar,  containing 
none  of  the  additional  alkaline  salts  common  to  the  granular  effervescent  preparations. 
It  is  recommended  as  a uric  acid  solvent,  in  place  of  the  other  salts  of  lithium,  for 
gout,  rheumatism  and  all  the  manifestations  of  uric-acidaemia,  and  is  presented  in 
tablet  form. 

Dose : One  or  two  of  the  5 grain  tablets,  dissolved  in  a goblet  of  water,  may  be 
taken  on  a reasonably  empty  stomach,  four  times  a day.  Tartarlithine  is  intended  to 
increase  the  alkaliaity  of  the  blood,  by  giving  vegetable  acid  up  to  a point  where  it  will 
contribute  an  alkalinity  more  effective  than  alkalies  as  such,  for  the  elimination  of 
uric  acid. 

TARTARLITHINE  AND  SULPHUR  is  prepared  with  equal  parts  of  Tartar- 
lithine and  precipitated  Sulphur,  compressed  into  5 grain  tablets.  Indicated  in  the  treat- 
ment of  chronic  sore  throat,  chronic  bronchitis  accompanied  with  copious  secretions; 
in  digestive  difficulties  due  to  disordered  action  of  the  liver,  which  ultimately  lead  to 
lithaemia  and  structural  lesions,  in  addition  to  many  benefits  as  a pulmonary  or  intes- 
tinal disinfectant. ' This  combination  of  sulphur,  probably  after  absorption,  favors  the 
Idle  producing  function  of  the  liver,  since  taurocholic  acid  normally  contains  a large 
proportion  of  sulphur.  It  is  prescribed  in  diseases  of  the  nails,  the  scalp,  and  generally 
in  superficial  skin  diseases. 

Dose  : Same  as  Tartarlithine. 

TEREBENE.  C10H16(?). 

This  is  produced  by  the  action  of  concentrated  sulphuric  acid  upon  oil  of  turpen- 
tine and  repeated  distillation  for  purification.  It  consists  of  a mixture  of  eamphene, 
cymene,  borneol  and  terpUene.  For  description  see  U.  S.  P.  Terebene  is  an  agree- 
able antiseptic,  disinfectant  and  deodorizer,  a 5 per  cent,  aqueous  solution  forming  a 
very  serviceable  surgical  dressing,  while  its  vapor  is  inhaled  in  treatment  of  bronchial 
affections  and  pulmonary  tuberculosis.  Internally,  in  doses  of  5 to  t>  drops  in  emul- 
sion or  tablet  form,  it  acts  as  an  expectorant. 

TERPIN  HYDRATE.  C10H18(OH)2+H2O. 

A mixture  of  rectified  turpentine  oil  (4  pts.),  alcohol  (3  pts.)  and  nitric  acid  (1  pt.) 
is  set  aside  in  a shallow  porcelain  dish  for  several  days ; crystals  of  terpin  hydrate 
separate,  and  these  are  recrystallized  from  95#  alcohol.  For  description  see  U.S.P. 
p.  404. 

Employed  as  expectorant  in  bronchitis  and  chronic  nephritis,  in  doses  of  0.2  to  0. 4 
Gm.  (3  to  ti  grains). 

TERPINOL, 

By  the  distillation  of  terpin  hydrate  with  dilute  sulphuric  acid,  terpinol  is  obtained  ; 
this  consists  of  a mixture  of  terpineol  (C10H17OH)  an  alcohol,  and  three  terpenes  (C1() 
H16),  cerpinene,  terpineolene  and  dipentene.  Terpinol  is  an  oily  liquid,  of  hyacinthine 
odor,  boiling  at  lt38°  C.,  sp.  gr.  0.852,  inso'.uble  in  water  and  soluble  in  alcohol  and 

Employed  as  a bronchial  stimulant  in  oses  of  0.5  to  1 Gm.  (8  to  15  grains).  Ter- 
pinol is  sometimes  used  to  mask  ttio  odor  of  iodoform. 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


59 


TERROLIN  E. 

A name  for  a special  brand  of  petroleum  jelly. 

TERTIARY  AMYL  ALCOHOL.  See  Amylenum  Hydratum. 

TETRA-ETHYL-AMMONIUM  HYDROXIDE.  (C2H5)4N.OH. 

This  forms  a hygroscopic,  crystalline  salt,  bitter  taste,  and  very  soluble  in  water. 
Recommended  as  a uric  acid  solvent,  being  administered  in  doses  of  10  to  15  minims  of 
a 10  per  cent,  solution. 

TETRA-H  YDRO-BETA-NAPHTH  YLAMINE.  See  Thermin. 

T ET  R A- H Y D R O-  P A R A-C  H I N A N I SO  L.  See  Thalline. 

TETRA-IO DO-PYRROL.  See  Iodol. 

TETRA-THIO-DICHLOR-SALICYLIC  ACID.  (S2=C6H(Cl)(OH)COOH)2. 

This  is  obtained  by  heating  salicylic  acid  (27.6  p.)  with  sulphuryl  chloride  (55.  p.). 
It  forms  a reddish-yellow  powder,  which  is  soluble  in  aqueous  solutions  of  the  alkalies. 
It  is  employed  chiefly  as  an  antiseptic  dusting  powder. 

TETRONAL.  (C2H5)2.C.(S02C2H5)2. 

Synonym : Di-ethyl-sulphon-di-ethyl -methane. 

An  analogue  of  sulphonal  and  trional,  differing  in  the  possession  of  four  ethyl 
groups,  while  the  former  contains  two  and  the  latter  three.  The  method  of  prepara- 
tion is  the  same  as  that  of  sjlphonal,  only  that  di-ethyl-ketone  0 ’2115-00-02115)  is  em- 
ployed in  place  of  acetone.  This  compound  forms  colorless,  crystalline  scales,  melting 
at  89°  (1  (192.2°  F.),  soluble  in  450  parts  of  cold  water,  readily  in  alcohol  and  ether. 

Tetronal  is  employed  as  a hypnotic  in  doses  of  1 to  2 Gm.  (15  to  30  grains). 

THALLINE.  C9H10N(OCH3). 

Synonym : Tetra-hydro-para-chinanisol. 

This  liqiud  base,  a chinolin  derivative,  is  obtained  by  heating  a mixture  of  para- 
amido-anisol,  para-nitro-anisol,  glycerin  and  sulphuric  acid  at  150°  C. ; from  the  reaction 
product  after  being  rendered  alkaline,  para-chinanisol  is  distil.ed  off,  this  on  treatment 
with  reducing-agents  takes  up  four  hydrogen  atoms,  forming  the  base  thalline.  This 
forms  an  oily  liquid  of  strongly  basic  properties,  uniting  with  acids,  forming  salts. 

THALLINE  SULPHATE  forms  a white,  crystalline  pow  ler,  soluble  in  7 parts  of 
cold  water,  100  parts  of  alcohol  and  insoluble  in  ether.  Oxidizing  agents,  as  the  halo- 
gens, argentic  and  mercuric  nitrate,  ferric  chloride,  etc.,  produce  a bright  green  color 
Internally  thalline  sulphate  is  an  antipyretic  in  doses  of  0.129  to  0.5  Gm.  (2  to  8 grains); 
externally  as  an  antiseptic  injection  (4  to  8 grains  to  the  ounce). 

THALLINE  TARTRA  TE  is  a yellowish,  crystalline  p >wder,  soluble  in  10  parts 
of  cold  water,  almost  insoluble  in  alcohol  and  ether.  Employed  for  like  purposes  as 
the  sulphate. 

THEOBROMIN.  C7H8N402. 

An  alkaloid  occurring  in  the  seeds  of  Theobroma  cacao  (1.5jO,  obtained  from  the 
pressed  cacao  mass  by  mixing  with  slake  1 lime  and  exhausting  with  8%  boiling  alcohol. 
It  is  a white  crystalline  powder,  slightly  soluble  in  water,  alcohol  aud  ether.  Theo- 
bromin  is  a hornologueof  caffeine,  differing  in  containing  one  C1I2  group  less  ; it  unites 
readily  with  alkalies  forming  soluble  salts  (see  Diuretiu).  Because  of  its  insolubility, 
theobromine  is  unsuitable  for  use,  but  is  employed  in  form  of  a double  salt.  In  physio- 
logical action  it  resembles  caffeine,  being,  however,  free  from  any  irritating  action  on 
the  nerve  centers. 

THEOBROMIN-LITHI UM-LITHIUM-SALICYLATE.  See  Uropherin. 

T H E R M I F U G I N . C9  H7N(C  H3)(OH)COONa. 

Synonym ; Methyl-trihydro-oxychinolin-carboxylate  of  sodium. 

This  compound  forms  colorless  crystals,  which  are  readily  soluble  in  water,  the 
solution  becoming  brown  on  standing.  Employed  as  an  antipyretic  in  doses  of  0.1  to 
0.25  Gm.  (1.5  to  3.8  grains)  # 

THERMIN.  C10Hn.NH2. 

Synonyms:  Tetrahydro-b-naphthylamine. 

Obtained  by  the  action  of  metallic  sodium  on  a solution  of  b naphthylamin  in  amyl 
alcohol.  Thermin  is  a colorless  liquid  which  with  hydrochloric  acid  forms  colorless, 
soluble  crystals,  which  melt  at  287°  C.  (4  8 6°  F.).  Recommended  by  Filehue  as  a 
mydriatic  ; further,  nothing  definite  is  known  concerning  this  substance. 


60 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


i 


T H E R M O D I N . CO . OC2H5 . NCOH4OCCR3 . OC2H5. 

Synonym : Acetyl-para-ethoxy-phenyl-urethane. 

This  derivative  of  urethane  was  introduced  to  replace  neurodine,  which  is  too 
powerful  and  rapid  in  its  effects.  Thermodin  is  a white  crystalline  powder,  melts  at 
oo°  to  88°  C.  (186.8°  to  190.4°  F.),  and  is  almost  insoluble  in  cold  water.  Recommended 
as  a mild  antipyretic,  free  from  any  unpleasant  effects  ; given  in  doses  of  0.32  to  1 Gm. 
(5  to  15  grains). 

THERMOTAXINE. 

A proprietary  analgesic  and  antipyretic. 

THILANIN. 

This  is  a sulphurated  lanolin,  obtained  by  heating  lanolin  with  sulphur  at  230°  C., 
and  subsequently  washing.  It  forms  a brown  unctuous  mass,  which  contains  about  3 
per  cent,  of  sulphur.  Thilanin  is  employed  as  an  application  in  various  skin  diseases. 

T H I O FO  R M . See  Dithiosalicylic  Acids. 

THIOL. 

A synthetic  product  of  hydrocarbons  obtained  in  a similar  manner  to  ichthyol. 
The  tarry  oils  obtained  by  the  destructive  distillation  of  peat  are  heated  with  sulphur 
at  high  temperature,  the  unsaturated  hydrocarbons  which  unite  with  the  sulphur  are 
removed  and  by  the  action  of  sulphuric  acid  at  a l^w  temperature  converted  into  sul- 
phonated  compounds  called  thiol,  which  is  then  purified  by  washing  and  dialysis  and 
evaporated  (in  vacuo)  to  an  extractive  consistence  (Thiolum  Liquidum)  or  to  dryness 
(Thiolum  Siccum. 

Thiol  forms  either  a brownish-black,  thick  liquid  (containing  about  25  per  cent,  of 
dry  residue)  or  a brownish-black  powder,  which  is  soluble  in  water  and  alcohol.  It  is 
precipitated  from  its  aqueous  solutions  by  mineral  acids,  metallic  salts  or  alkali  earths. 
Thiol  is  employed  in  the  treatment  of  various  skin  diseases,  its  discoverers  recom- 
mending it  as  a substitute  for  ichthyol.  As  an  ointment  the  strength  usually  em- 
ployed is  10  to  50  per  cent.  The  dry  thiol,  which  is  about  2%  times  the  strength  of  the 
liquid,  when  mixed  with  starch  is  used  as  a dusting  powder.  Internal  dose  is  0.13  to 
0.6  Gm.  (2  to  10  grains.). 

T H I O L I N . See  Thiolinic  Acid. 

THIOLINIC  ACID. 

Synonym:  Thiolin. 

This  is  prepared  by  boiling  together  linseed  oil  (6  p.)  and  sulphur  (l  p.);  the  sul- 
phurated linseed  oil  which  is  thereby  formed  is  warmed  with  sulphuric  acid  untii 
solution  takes  place,  the  oily  product  is  poured  into  water  and  washed  to  remove  the 
sulphuric  and  sulphurous  acids. 

Thiolinic  acid  forms  a dark-green  mass,  of  extractive  consistency,  and  a peculiar 
mustard-like  odor,  insoluble  in  water,  but  soluble  in  alcohol. 

The  sodium  salt,  which  constitutes  a soluble  powder,  is  preferred  to  the  above. 

The  medicinal  properties  of  thiolin  are  similar  to  those  of  thiol  and  ichthyol. 

T H 1 0-0  X Y-  D I P H E N Y L A M I N E.  See  Sulphaminol. 

THIOPHENE  DI-IODIDE.  C4H2I2S. 

Obtained  by  the  action  of  iodine  and  iodic  acid  on  thiophene.  Forms  crystalline 
plates,  insoluble  in  water,  very  soluble  in  chloroform,  ether  and  warm  alcohol,  melting 
at  40.5°  C.  (104.9°  F.) ; containing  75.5  per  cent,  of  iodine  and  9.5  per  cent,  of  sulphur. 
Thiophene  di-iodide  is  employed  externally  as  a powder  and  gauze  in  all  instances 
where  iodoform  might  be  applied. 

TH 10 RESORCIN.  C6H4(OS)2. 

A sulphur  derivative  of  resorcin,  obtained  by  fusing  one  molecule  of  resorcin  with 
two  molecules  of  sulphur.  A yellowish  gray  powder,  insoluble  in  water ; recom- 
mended as  an  iodoform  substitute,  but  its  use  is  followed  by  unpleasant  symptoms. 

TH IOSALICYLIC  ACID.  C6H4(SH)COOH. 

This  is  prepared  from  amido-benzoic  acid.  (C6H4(NH2)COOH,  by  the  action  of 
nitrous  acid  and  suphu  retted  hydrogen.  It  is  employed  like  salicylic  and  sulpho-sali- 
cylic  acids  as  an  antiseptic. 

THIOSAPOL.  C18I134S02. 

A sulphuretted  soap,  prepared  by  heating  unsatura.ted  fats  or  fat  acids  such  as 
oleic  acid,  with  sulphur  to  a temperature  of  12U°  to  160°  < J.  Sulphur  enters  into  com- 
bination, the  product  containing  about  TO  per  cent.  Soap  containing  sulphur  in  this 
state  of  combination  is  very  serviceable  in  treatment  of  skin  diseases. 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


61 


THIOSINAMINE.  CS(NH2)NH.C3H5. 

Synonyms : Allyl-sulpho-urea;  Rhodallin;  Allyl-sulpho-carbamide. 

On  heating  a mixture  of  mustard  oil  (3p.),  alcohol  (3p.)  and  ammonia  (6p.)  at  a 
temperature  of  50°  C..  the  pungent  odor  of  the  oil  disappears,  and  on  cooling  crystals 
of  thiosinamine  are  deposited.  This  forms  colorless  crystals  of  a slight  alliaceous 
odor,  melting  at  74°  0.  (165.2°  F.),  very  soluble  in  alcohol,  water  and  ether. 

Employed  in  treatment  of  lupus,  in  form  of  subcutaneous  injections  of  15  to  20% 
alcoholic  solution. 

THIURET.  C8H7N3S3. 

A sulphurated  compound  obtained  by  the  oxidation  of  phenyl-dithio-biuret  (C8H9 
N3S2).  Forms  a light,  inodorous,  crystalline  powder,  insoluble  in  water,  quite  soluble 
in  alcohol  and  ether;  in  contact  with  alkalies  (warmed)  it  gives  up  its  sulphur. 
Thiuret.  because  of  its  kalyseptic  and  germicidal  properties,  is  recommended  as  a sub- 
stitute for  iodoform.  Various  salts  of  thiuret  have  been  prepared  such  as  the  phenol- 
svlphona'e , hydrochloride , hydrobromide , salicylate , etc.  These  are  more  soluble  in 
water  than  the  base,  and  insoluble  in  ether  and  the  oils.  Their  aqueous  solutions  give 
a vtolet  coloration  with  ferric  chloride  and  a white  precipitate  of  the  base  (thiuret)  on 
addition  of  aqua  ammoniae. 


TH  YMACETIN. 


CH3 

c3h7 


NH(CH3CO). 


By  the  action  of  nitric  acid,  thymol  is  converted  into  nitro-thymol,  from  which  a 
sodium  salt  is  prepared,  this  on  heating  with  ethyl  chloride  under  pressure  yields 
nitro-thymol-ethyl-ether,  which  on  reduction  and  acetification  yields  thymacetin. 
This  forms  a white  crystalline  powder,  melting  at  136°  C.  (276.8°  F.).  slightly  soluble  in 
water  and  freely  in  alcohol.  Employed  in  treatment  of  neuralgia  in  doses  of  0.19  to 
0.64  Gm.  (3  to  10  grains);  it  is  said  to  produce  unpleasant  effects. 

THYMENTHOL. 

A proprietary  antiseptic. 

THYMOZONE. 

A proprietary  antiseptic. 

TOLYL-ANTI  PYRIN.  See  Toly  pyrin. 

TOLYPYRIN.  C.H4CH,N<CO.CHcch3 

Synonyms:  Tolylantipyrin;  Beta-tolyl-dimethyl-pyrazolon. 

Antipyrin  is  the  phenyl  (C6H5)  derivative  of  di-methyl-pyrazolon^  N <CncH^CCH  ) 

while  tolypyrine  is  the  tolyl  (C6H4C3H)  derivative  of  the  same,  or  the  latter  may  be 
considered  as  antipyrin  in  which  one  hydrogen  atom  of  the  phenyl  radicle  is  replaced 
by  a methyl  group.  This  compound  forms  colorless  crystals,  melting  at  136°  to  137°  C. 
(276.8°  to  278.b°  F.),  soluble  in  10  parts  of  water,  readily  in  alcohol  and  insoluble  in 
ether.  Tolypyrin  gives  the  same  color  reactions  with  ferric  chloride  and  nitrous  acid 
as  antipyrine,  and.  like  the  latter,  is  employed  as  an  antipyretic,  antirheumatic  and 
antineuralgic  in  the  same  doses,  0.5  to  2 Gm.  (8  to  30  grains). 

TOLYPYRIN  SALICYLATE.  See  Tolysal. 

T O L YS A L.  C6H4CH3N  < 0CIj3  c7H602. 

Symmym:  Tolypyrin  Salicylate. 

Obtained  by  fusing  together  equimolecular  quantities  of  tolypyrin  and  salicylic 
acid  and  crystallizing  from  alcohol.  Forms  colorless  crystals,  melting  at  101°  to  102°  C. 
(213.8°  to  215.6°  F.).  almost  insoluble  in  water  and  readily  soluble  in  alcohol. 

Employed  in  chronic  and  acute  rheumatism  and  rheumatic  neuralgia  in  doses  of  1 
to  2 Gm.  (15  to  30  grains.). 

TREFUSIA. 

A dark  red-brown,  soluble,  granular  powder,  obtained  by  drying  defibrinated 
blood.  Employed  as  a natural  iron  albuminate  in  chlorosis. 

TRI-BROM-ALDEH YDE  HYDRATE.  See  Broinal  Hydrate. 

TRI-BROM-ANILIN  HYDRO  BROMIDE.  See  Bromamide. 

TRI-BROM-PHENOL.  See  Bromoi. 


62 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES 


TRI-CHLOR-ACETIC  ACID.  CC13C00H. 

This  is  obtained  by  the  action  of  chlorine  on  glacial  acetic  acid,  or  by  the  oxidation 
of  anhydrous  chloral  by  means  of  fuming  nitric  acid. 

Trichloracetic  acid  occurs  in  colorless,  rhomMc  crystals,  very  hygroscopic,  of  a 
slightly  penetrating  odor ; melting  at  55°  C.  (131°  F.).  Very  soluble  in  water  and 
alcohol. 

It  is  employed  as  a caustic  in  10  to  50  per  cent,  solution^ 

T RICH  LOR  PHENOL.  See  under  Chlorphenol. 

TRICRESOL.  See  under  Cresol. 

TRICRESOLAMIN  E. 

A mixture  of  equal  parts  of  ethylene-diamine  and  tricresol.  Used  as  an  antiseptic. 

TRI FORMAL.  See  Formalin. 

TRHODO-M ET A-C RESOL.  See  Losophan. 

TRI-METHYL-ETHYLENE.  See  Pental. 

TRIONAL.  C2H5.CH3.C.(S02C2H5)2. 

Synonym : Di-ethyl-sulphon-methyl-ethyl-methane. 

This  is  an  analogue  of  sulphonal  and  differs  in  the  substitution  of  a methyl  by  an 
ethyl  group  (see  Tetronal).  The  method  of  preparation  is  the  same  as  that  of  sul- 
phonal, only  that  methyl-ethyl-ketone  (CH3-CO-(J2H5)is  employed  in  place  of  acetone 
Trional  forms  colorless,  shining,  tabular  crystals,  melting  at  76°  C.  (168.h°  F.),  soluble 
in  320  parts  of  cold  and  freely  in  hot  water,  very  soluble  in  alcohol  and  ether.  This 
compound  is  a more  powerful  hypnotic  than  sulphonal  and  is  less  liable  to  produce  ill 
effects.  It  is  preferred  to  tetronal  as  a reliable  and  safe  hypnotic.  Dose,  1 to  2 Gm. 
(15  to  30  grains). 

TROPA-COCAINE  HYDROCHLORIDE.  C8H14NO.(CeH5UO)HCl. 

Synonym : Benzoyl-pseudotropein  hydrochloride. 

This  alkaloid  occurs  with  cocaine  and  other  bases  in  the  small  Java  coca  leaves  ; 
prepared  synthetically  by  Liebermann.  Forms  white  needles,  melting  at  271°  C. 
(519  8°  F.),  and  is  readily  soluble  in  water.  Tropacocaine  in  2 or  3 per  cent,  solutions 
produces  more  rapid  anaesthesia,  is  less  toxic,  and  more  reliable  than  cocaine  (Ferdi- 
nando  and  Ohadbourne). 

TUMENOL. 


Synonym : Sulphotumenolic  Acid. 

This  compound,  which  is  closely  allied  to  ichthvol,  is  obtained  by  treating  (sulphon- 
ating)  the  unsaturated  hydrocarbons  of  mineral  oils  with  sulphuric  acid,  the  resuiting 
product  is  dissolve  1 in  water  and  separated  in  pure  form  by  the  addition  of  salt  The 
tumenol-sulphonic  acid  thus  obtained  is  known  as  “Commercial  Tumenol,”  being  a 
dark-brown,  almost  black,  acid  fluid;  this  on  being  neutralized  with  soda  and  ex- 
tracted with  ether,  yields  the  "Tumenol-Sulphone”  (Tumenol  Oil),  which  is  a thick, 
dark  yellow,  syrupy  fluid,  with  a bitter  taste  and  insoluble  in  water.  This  latter  is 
prepared  in  the  powder  form,  known  as  “ Tumenol-Sulphonic  Acid,”  being  of  dark 
color,  inodorous,  slightly  bitter,  and  readily  soluble  in  water.  Tumenol  is  employed  in 
treatment  of  all  forms  of  pruritis  and  also  eczema,  either  as  a 5 to  10  per  cent,  solution 
(ether-alcohol,  water  or  glycerin)  ointment,  paste  or  dusting-powder.  The  tumenol 
oil  is  frequently  painted  directly  over  the  diseased  surfaces. 

SODIUM  TUMENOL-SULDHONATE  is  a combination  of  sulphotumenolic  acid 
and  sodium.  A dark-colored,  dry  powder,  soluble  in  water,  and  applied  in  all  instances 
above  cited. 

TUSSOL. 

Synonym:  Antipyrine  Mandelate  or  Phenyl-glycolate. 

This  new  salt  of  an tipyrine  is  recommended  as  being  superior  to  antipyrine  itself 
in  the  treatment  of  whooping  cough.  Given  in  doses  of  0.05  to  0 1 Gm.  (7-lu  to  1% 
grains)  for  children  under  one  year  of  age;  0.1  Gm.  (l}4  grains)  for  1 to  2 years;  0.25  to 
0.4  Gm.  (3.8  to  6 grains)  for  2 to  4 years,  and  0.5  Gm.  (8  grains)  for  5 years  and  above. 

ULYPTOL. 

Synonym : Eulyptol. 

This  is  a name  given  to  a mixture  of  phenol  1 part,  salicylic  acid  6 parts,  and  euca- 
lyptus oil  1 part. 

UR  ALINE.  SeeUralium. 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


63 


URALIUM.  CC13CH:0H  NHC02C2H5. 

Synonyms : Chloral  Urethane;  Uraline. 

To  a solution  ot  urethane  (q.  v.)  in  melted  chloral  hydrate,  concentrated  hydro- 
chloric acid  is  added:  after  24  hours  it  congeals  to  a solid  mass,  which  is  then  washed 
with  sulphuric  ac>d,  followed  by  water,  leaving  an  oil  which,  on  standing,  crystallizes. 
Uralium  constitutes  a white  pow<1er,  melting  at  103°  C.  (217.4°  F.).  insoluble  in  cold 
water,  very  soluble  in  alcohol  and  ether;  when  boiled  with  water  it  decomposes  into 
chloral  and  urethane.  Recommended  as  a hypnotic  in  doses  of  2 to  3 Gm.  (30  to  45 
grains). 

URETHANE  CO  *\oc22H5- 

Synonym : Ethyl-Urethane  ; Ethyl  Carbamate. 

This  compound,  an  ethyl  ether  of  carbamic  acid  CO  Qg 2 ^ is  obtained  by 

heating  a salt  of  urea  with  ethyl  alcohol  under  pressure  at  a temperature  of  120°  to 
130°  C.  Forms  colorless,  odorless  prisms  or  scales,  melting  at  50°  to  51°  C.  (122°  to 
123.8°  F.)  soluble  in  1 part  of  water.  0.6  part  of  alcohol,  1 part  of  ether  and  1.5  parts  of 
chloroform.  Urethane  is  an  excellent  hypnotic,  being  free  from  by  or  after  effects  ; 
dose  is  1 to  2 Gm.  (15  to  30  grains.) 

U RO  P H E R I N C7HvN402Li+C  6H4(OH)COOLi. 

Synonyms : Lithium  Diuretin  ; Theobromine-lithium-lithium-Salicylate. 

This  double  salt  is  analogous  to  diuretin,  differing  only  in  the  substitution  of 
lithium  for  sodium.  It  is  prepared  by  rubbing  together  theobromine  with  lithium 
hydroxide  and  an  equivalent  quantity  of  lithium  salicylate,  with  sufficient  water,  and 
then  dried.  It  is  a white  powder  soluble  in  5 parts  of  water.  Employed  as  a diuretic 
in  doses  of  1 Gm.  (15  grains). 

VALERYL-PHENETIDINE.  See  under  Phenetidine. 

VANILLIN.  C6H3OH.OCH3.CHO. 

Synonym : Methyl-protocatechuic  aldehyde. 

This  odorous  principle,  which  is  found  in  the  vanilla  pods,  also  occurs  in  small 
quantities  in  gum  benzoin,  asparagus,  raw  beet  sugar  and  the  wood  of  many  plants. 
Synthetically  prepared  from  coniferin.  a glucoside.  *nd  also  from  eugenol.  Vanillin 
occurs  in  acicular  crystals,  melting  at  80°  to  81°  C (176  to  177.8°  F.).  soluble  in  alcohol, 
glycerin,  ether  and  chloroform,  only  slightly  soluble  in  water.  It  possesses  the  odor 
and  taste  of  vanillin.  Employed  chiefly  as  au  odoriferous  and  flavoring  agent. 

VIERIN. 

An  amorphous,  white,  bitter  principle,  of  aromatic  odor,  obtained  from  the  bark 
of  Rendzia  vellozii.  It  melts  at  120°  C.  (248°  F.).  and  is  readily  soluble  in  alcohol  and 
chloroform.  Employed  as  a quinine  substitute  in  aoses  of  0.1  to  0.2  Gm.  (1J4  to  3 
grains). 

VUTRIN. 

A concentrated  meat  extract  in  powder  form,  one  part  of  which  represents  the 
nutritive  value  of  four  parts  of  beef. 

XYLENOL-SALOLS.  C6H4(OH)COO  C6II3(CH3)2 

By  the  action  of  dehydrating  agents  upon  a mixture  of  equal  molecules  of  sali- 
cylic auid  and  xylenol  (o-m-or-p.),  ortho,  meta  or  para-xylenol  salicylates  are  formed. 
These  are  insoluble  in  water  and  soluble  in  alcohol ; employed  like  salol  as  intestinal 
disinfectants. 

ZINC  COMPOUNDS. 

BORATE.  ZnB407-f7H20.  Prepared  by  interaction  between  hot  solutions  of  5 
parts  of  zinc  sulphate  in  50  parts  of  water  and  4 parts  of  borax  in  100  parts  of  water. 
An  amorphous,  white  powder,  which  is  employed  as  an  antiseptic  dusting  powder  for 
wounds. 

CHRYSOPHAN ATE.  Forms  a brownish-red  powder,  which  is  readily  soluble  in 
water  which  has  been  rendered  slightly  alkaline.  Recommended  as  antiseptic  dusting 

powder 

GYNOCART) ATE.  A yellow  granular  powder,  insoluble  in  water  and  dilute 
acids,  readily  soluble  in  alcohol  and  ether.  Recommended  in  treatment  of  psoriasis, 
prurigo  and  other  skin  diseases. 


64 


THE  NEWER  REMEDIES. 


PERM ANG  ANA  TE.  Occurs  in  crystals  closely  resembling  those  of  the  potassium 
salt ; hygroscopic  and  soluble  in  water.  This  salt  is  employed  in  all  instances  where 
zinc  sulphate  is  indicated  ; its  solutions  being  of  the  strength  0.05  Gm.  to  200  Cc.  of 
water  (7-10  grain  to  6.8  fid.  ozs).  Care  should  be  taken  not  to  triturate  this  salt  with 
organic  substances  or  dispense  it  in  solutions  containing  alcohol  or  organic  extracts 
(See  Coblentz’s  Handbook  of  Pharmacy,  pp.  393-396). 

SALICYLATE.  (C7H503)2Zn-fH20.  Sodium  salicylate  34  parts  and  zinc  sulphate 
29  parts  are  boiled  for  a short  time  with  125  parts  of  water  ; on  cooling  a solid  crystal- 
line mass  separates,  which,  after  washing  with  a little  cold  water,  is  recrystallized. 
Forms  colorless  crystals  which  are  soluble  in  25  2 parts  of  cold  and  readily  in  boiling 
water,  soluble  in  36  parts  of  ether  and  3.5  parts  of  alcohol.  Recommended  as  anti- 
septic dusting  powder  and  wash  in  various  skin  diseases. 

SOZOIODOL.  (C6H2I2(0H)S03)2Zn4-6H20.  See  under  Sozoiodol. 

SULPHOCARB OLA  TE.  C6H4(0H)S03)2Zn4-8H20.  By  the  action  of  concentrated 
sulphuric  acid  on  phenol  at  90°  <j.,  para-phenol-sul phonic  acid  is  formed;  this  is  neu- 
tralized with  barium  carbonate,  and  the  resulting  barium  sulphocarbolate  on  being 
brought  into  reaction  with  an  equivalent  amount  of  zinc  sulphate  in  solution  yields 
zinc  sulphocarbolate  and  the  insoluble  barium  sulphate.  The  filtrate  is  evaporated 
and  crystallized.  This  salt  forms  colorless,  rhombic  prisms  or  scales,  soluble  in  water 
and  alcohol.  Employed  as  an  antiseptic  wash  in  all  instances  where  zinc  sulphate  or 
carbolic  acid  is  indicated. 

STJLPHYBRATE.  Zn(SH)2.  A white  precipitate,  which  should  be  kept  under 
water,  since  it  readily  decomposes  on  becoming  dry.  Recommended  by  Barduzzi 
externally  ana  internally  in  the  treatment  of  chronic  eczema,  psoriasis  and  vegeto- 
parasitic  dermatoses.  Internally  the  dose  is  0.03  to  0.13  Gm.  (*4  to  2 grains),  externally 
in  ointment  form  (10$)  combined  with  lanolin  and  lard  ^2:3). 


